The guanine-nucleotide-binding subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein. Nucleotide state changes its interactions with receptors, Gβγ and effectors.
A Gα family member that can inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
The GDP/GTP cycle changes its interaction with receptors, beta-gamma subunits and effectors. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase is a common family property, while the resulting cellular response also depends on other targets and local cyclic AMP breakdown. [ref]
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition by Bruce Alberts and others. Chapters 3, 6 and 15, protein function, translation and cell signalling
A Gα family member that can stimulate adenylyl cyclase.
Receptor-promoted nucleotide exchange helps activate the switch, and GTP hydrolysis contributes to termination. Increased cyclic AMP then regulates effectors such as protein kinase A, turning a cell-surface recognition event into intracellular phosphorylation. [ref]
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition by Bruce Alberts and others. Chapters 3, 6 and 15, protein function, translation and cell signalling
A Gα family member that activates phospholipase C signalling.
The resulting cleavage of a membrane phosphoinositide generates inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These products can engage calcium release and kinase regulation in different cellular locations, so one receptor can initiate several coordinated downstream effects. [ref]
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition by Bruce Alberts and others. Chapters 3, 6 and 15, protein function, translation and cell signalling
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