Heterotrimeric G protein

A heterotrimeric G protein is a signaling assembly with $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$ subunits. Receptor-promoted nucleotide exchange on $\alpha$ regulates interactions with $\beta \gamma$ and effectors; both signaling components can contribute downstream.

The associated β and γ subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein. Their interactions with downstream effectors transmit signals as well as support heterotrimer assembly.

The guanine-nucleotide-binding subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein. Nucleotide state changes its interactions with receptors, Gβγ and effectors.

A Gα family member that can inhibit adenylyl cyclase.

A Gα family member that can stimulate adenylyl cyclase.

A Gα family member that activates phospholipase C signalling.