A greenhouse gas absorbs and emits planetary thermal radiation and therefore contributes to the greenhouse effect. Its climatic impact depends on absorption spectrum, concentration, lifetime and chemical effects. Carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour are important examples.
Global warming potential compares the time-integrated radiative forcing of equal-mass emission pulses of a greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide, over a stated time horizon . It is not an instantaneous temperature ratio, and its numerical value depends on the horizon and included chemical and climatic responses.
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