Methane is , the simplest alkane. Its carbon forms four approximately tetrahedral carbon-hydrogen bonds, giving a symmetric molecule without a permanent dipole.
It is a major component of natural gas and can be oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. Its infrared-active vibrations also make it relevant to atmospheric radiation. The molecular formula specifies a single carbon center, unlike longer alkanes that can have multiple carbon-skeleton isomers.
Methanogenesis is biological production of methane by anaerobic microorganisms. Waterlogged soil and lake sediments can favour it. Warming or thaw changes substrate availability, but production is distinct from atmospheric emission because oxidation and transport intervene.
