A relatively inaccessible, frequently repressive form of chromatin. Different forms have distinct marks and mechanisms; H3K9 methylation is a major example rather than a universal definition.
Methylation of lysine 9 of histone H3. Different methylation states can recruit specific reader proteins and contribute to heterochromatin regulation.
H3K9 dimethylation is addition of two methyl groups to lysine 9 of histone H3, conventionally abbreviated H3K9me2. It is associated with repressive chromatin in several systems, including extensive domains in plants. Its distribution differs from the mono- and trimethylated states of the same residue. In Arabidopsis thaliana, joint changes in this mark and non-CG DNA methylation alter recombination near centromeres, linking chromatin state to inherited variation. [ref]
Extension of a repressive chromatin domain beyond its initial nucleation site. Reader–writer positive feedback can propagate local marks, while histone turnover, opposing activities and chromatin boundaries constrain the domain.

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