Let be an -dimensional normed vector space, let , and let be a linear operator into another normed vector space. A maximal -separated subset of the unit sphere is a -net. Disjoint balls of radius about its points lie in the ball of radius , so comparison of volumes bounds its size by .
Suppose at every net point . Approximating an arbitrary unit vector by gives , hence . The reverse triangle inequality gives
Thus is injective, and its inverse on its image satisfies
This turns finitely many norm estimates into uniform control of an entire finite-dimensional linear subspace, as used in random metric embeddings.

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