Use the convention that the Hermitian inner product is conjugate-linear in its first argument and linear in its second. In orthonormal coordinates, . It satisfies conjugate symmetry, sesquilinearity and positive definiteness. Expanding in the orthonormal basis gives
Applying the Hermitian inner product and yields
This identifies exactly where complex conjugation enters; replacing the first factor by would generally be wrong under this convention.
Use the point and the orthonormal basis of directions in the cutting plane
Both vectors are orthogonal to the normal vector , so every point of the plane has unique coordinates
Substituting into the cone equation gives
Consequently the intersection has equation
Because these are orthonormal coordinates, their lengths are the actual lengths in the plane. Thus this is an ellipse with semi-major axis and semi-minor axis , not merely a projected ellipse. By a, its eccentricity is