Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2007 ib Paper 3 12A Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2011 ia Paper 3 3C Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2013 ia Paper 3 10C Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-07
Take the normal vector outward from the cylinder-and-cone solid. The surface consists of the cylindrical side and conical roof, with no bottom disk; this convention fixes the otherwise unspecified orientation of a surface. The boundary is the radius-two circle at . Reversing every normal vector reverses the final sign.
For , its curl is . For the cylindrical parametrized surface, use , with , and use as the outward area vector. Its flux isFor the cone, let , and . Its outward area vector is . ThusThe total surface integral is therefore with the outward convention, or for the opposite convention.
For Stokes theorem, the induced bottom-circle orientation is counterclockwise as viewed from above, opposite to the orientation of an outward bottom cap. Use with increasing . Thenagreeing with the two parametrized fluxes. The seam at is internal and cancels between the two pieces; the cone tip does not supply another boundary curve.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2018 ib Paper 4 15G Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-03
Differentiate the parametrized surface. The coefficients of the first fundamental form simplify toIf , then . MoreoverThus the second-fundamental-form coefficients satisfy and . The Gaussian curvature is consequently
