Past exam of the mathematical methods II course of the University of Oxford / 2021 / 9 / iii

Choose the outward normal vector on the side of the elliptic cylinder. Parametrize it bySince ${\mathbf{r}}_{\theta }\times {\mathbf{r}}_z=(\frac{1}{2}\cos \theta ,\sin \theta ,0)$ points outward, the parameter rectangle has its bottom edge traversed with increasing $\theta$, its right cut edge with increasing $z$, its top edge with decreasing $\theta$, and its left cut edge with decreasing $z$. After identification, the two cut edges are the same physical curve with opposite directions. Their line integrals cancel for a single-valued vector field. Viewed from above, the bottom rim is counterclockwise and the top rim clockwise.

To apply Stokes theorem to a flux rather than a curl integral, first find a vector potential:This vector potential is smooth everywhere. On either horizontal rim, $d\mathbf{r}$ is horizontal whereas $\mathbf{A}$ is vertical, giving $\mathbf{A}\cdot d\mathbf{r}=0$. For a cut at ${\theta }_0=\pi /4$, $xy=1/4$, so the upward cut contribution is ${\int }_{-1}^1{z}^2/4dz=1/6$ and the downward one is $-1/6$. ConsequentlyA direct check uses the oriented surface element above: $\mathbf{F}\cdot ({\mathbf{r}}_{\theta }\times {\mathbf{r}}_z)=\frac{1}{2}{z}^2\cos 2\theta$, whose integral over a full turn vanishes. Reversing the chosen orientation still gives zero.