The numbered features in the original colour-magnitude diagram have the following interpretation.
- 1: the main sequence, where core hydrogen fusion supplies the luminosity; stars span a range of masses and effective temperatures.
- 2: the subgiant region, following core hydrogen exhaustion, with a contracting helium-rich core and increasing hydrogen-shell burning.
- 3: the red giant branch, with an extended cool envelope and a compact helium core fed by hydrogen-shell burning.
- 4: the roughly horizontal core-helium-burning branch, or its red-clump part, reached after helium ignition; hydrogen-shell burning can continue outside the core.
- 5: the white-dwarf cooling sequence, consisting of compact remnants supported mainly by electron degeneracy pressure and radiating stored heat.
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