Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2015 ii Paper 2 36B Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-06
The linear elastic wave equation is . For a shear-horizontal wave, take with no dependence. Its divergence vanishes, andRigid fixed boundaries require at . The modes are with , , andThere is no displacement mode with these clamped boundary conditions. For , the phase velocity and group velocity areThe phase velocity decreases from infinity to , while the group velocity increases from zero to ; their product is .
For a mode of frequency , the appropriate time and cross-sectional average is , per unit transverse width. Its average kinetic energy density is . The only nonzero strains are and , while . Thus the elastic energy density is , whose average is . The dispersion relation proves equality of average kinetic and elastic energies.
For the ray asymptotics of a clamped elastic waveguide mode, expand the localized initial displacement in transverse sine modes and Fourier transform in . For a displacement released from rest, each mode evolves with . At the oscillatory phases are . If , one phase has a stationary point withThe stationary phase method gives a generic oscillatory amplitude proportional to for each contributing mode. If the initial Fourier coefficient vanishes at the stationary point, that mode can decay faster; smooth localized data make the modal sum well behaved. If , there is no stationary point. Repeated integration by parts gives rapid decay for smooth rapidly decaying data; for initially compactly supported displacement, finite propagation speed makes the displacement on that ray exactly zero after a sufficiently long time. These are the requested subsonic and super-shear-speed regimes.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2019 ii Paper 2 38A a Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-03
Take a shear-horizontal wave polarized in the direction,Then , and the elastic-wave equation reduces toFor , the rigid boundary gives , while vanishing shear traction at the free surface gives . ThusThe dispersion relation of each guided shear-horizontal mode is
A shear-horizontal wave mode has . At with , a nondegenerate stationary Fourier phase gives generic decay. Faster rays have no stationary point; compactly supported data give eventual zero by finite propagation speed.
