If with , and having the standard normal distribution, then for every real ,Here is the standard normal distribution function. Multiplying the normal distribution density by and completing the square shifts its mean by and supplies the factor ; this is a Gaussian exponential tilt. Integrating above or below the shifted threshold proves both formulas. They apply to noninteger and negative powers, including the inverse-price moment . The lower-tail formula gives the European power put formula after a binomial theorem expansion.
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