William Giauque investigated chemical thermodynamics at very low temperatures. Calorimetry and magnetic cooling connect accessible microscopic states with entropy and thermal response.
A reduction in temperature makes previously negligible level spacings relevant to state populations. Low-temperature measurements therefore test how molecular rotation, spin, and crystal structure contribute to thermodynamic quantities.[ref]
A chemist at Berkeley whose research and teaching focused on chemical thermodynamics.[ref]
William Francis Giauque by D. N. Lyon and others. Teaching paragraphs: chemistry instructor in 1922; Advanced Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics courses
Portrait of William Giauque
. The Nobel Foundation, 1949 copyright notice; photographer and capture date unspecified. English Wikipedia identifies the photograph as public domain in Sweden with its United States copyright status unconfirmed. Source.
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