An oxygen tank, also known as an oxygen cylinder, is a container that stores oxygen gas under pressure. These tanks are commonly used in various applications, including: 1. **Medical Use**: They provide supplemental oxygen for patients with respiratory conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or during recovery from surgery. 2. **Industrial Use**: In industries like welding, oxygen is used in conjunction with fuel gases to create high-temperature flames for cutting and welding metals.

A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure. These vessels are used in a variety of industries, including petrochemical, power generation, water treatment, and food processing, among others. They can store substances like natural gas, steam, and various chemicals.

A relief valve is a safety device designed to protect equipment and systems from overpressure conditions. It automatically opens at a predetermined pressure to discharge fluid (such as gas, steam, or liquid) and thereby relieve pressure buildup in a system. This helps prevent potential damage or catastrophic failure of machinery, pipes, or vessels that could occur if the pressure exceeds safe operating limits.

A vacuum insulated evaporator is a type of equipment used primarily in refrigeration and cryogenics. It operates on the principle of using a vacuum to minimize heat transfer through conduction and convection, which enhances the efficiency of the evaporator. ### Key Features: 1. **Vacuum Insulation**: The evaporator is designed with a double-walled structure where the space between the walls is evacuated to create a vacuum.

Pump manufacturers are companies or businesses that design, produce, and sell various types of pumps. Pumps are mechanical devices used to move fluids, such as liquids and gases, from one place to another by converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. They are essential in a wide range of applications across multiple industries, including: 1. **Water and Wastewater Management**: Pumps are used to transport water for municipal supply, irrigation, and sewage treatment.

"Acid egg" typically refers to a culinary technique where eggs are preserved or flavored using an acidic solution, often vinegar or citrus juice. This method can create dishes like pickled eggs, where hard-boiled eggs are submerged in a mixture of vinegar, spices, and sometimes sugar, allowing them to absorb flavors and acidity over time.

Artificial lift refers to a variety of techniques used to increase the flow of liquids, particularly crude oil and natural gas, from a well when the natural pressure is insufficient to bring the fluids to the surface. This typically becomes necessary as oil and gas reservoirs deplete over time and the natural pressure declines.

A coolant pump is a critical component in various systems, particularly in automotive engines, industrial machinery, and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. Its primary function is to circulate coolant (a mixture of water and antifreeze) to regulate and maintain optimal operating temperatures. ### Key Functions of a Coolant Pump: 1. **Temperature Regulation**: The coolant absorbs heat from the engine or other components and helps maintain a stable operating temperature, preventing overheating.

A diaphragm pump is a type of positive displacement pump that uses a flexible diaphragm to move fluids. It operates by creating a separation between the fluid being pumped and the moving parts of the pump, which minimizes the risk of contamination and allows for pumping of aggressive chemicals or slurries. **Key features of diaphragm pumps include:** 1.

An electroosmotic pump (EOP) is a type of pump that utilizes electroosmosis to move fluids, primarily in microfluidic systems. The principle of electroosmosis involves the movement of a liquid through a porous medium or microchannel due to an applied electric field. This phenomenon occurs when an electric field is applied across a liquid that contains charged species—typically ions—resulting in the movement of liquid as the ions migrate.

An HCNG dispenser is a fuel dispensing unit designed to supply HCNG, which stands for Hydrogen-CNG (Compressed Natural Gas). HCNG is a blend of hydrogen and compressed natural gas, and it is considered a cleaner alternative to conventional fuels. The HCNG dispenser functions similarly to traditional CNG dispensers but incorporates technology to handle the hydrogen component safely and efficiently.

A honey wagon is a type of vehicle used primarily for the collection and transport of sewage and waste materials, particularly from portable toilets, septic tanks, and other sanitation facilities. The term can also refer to vehicles that service recreational vehicles (RVs) and trailers by emptying their waste tanks at campgrounds or during events. Honey wagons are equipped with tanks that hold the waste until it can be properly disposed of, often at designated waste treatment facilities.

A hydraulic ram is a type of water pump that utilizes the kinetic energy of flowing water to lift a portion of that water to a higher elevation. It operates on the principle of water hammer, which is the sudden pressure increase that occurs when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction. ### Key Components: 1. **Drive Pipe**: This is the pipe that carries the incoming water from a higher elevation to the hydraulic ram.

A Knudsen pump is a type of vacuum pump that operates based on the principles of gas molecular flow and the Knudsen regime, which is characterized by a mean free path of gas molecules that is comparable to or larger than the dimensions of the pump's structure. This pump utilizes thermal gradients to move gas molecules from one location to another, enabling the creation of a vacuum or the reduction of gas pressure.

A piston pump is a type of positive displacement pump that uses a piston to move fluids. It operates by drawing fluid into a cylinder using a piston mechanism, and then forcing it out under pressure by moving the piston in the opposite direction. Piston pumps are commonly used for various applications due to their ability to handle high pressures and a wide range of fluid viscosities.

"Pump as turbine" (PAT) refers to the use of a centrifugal pump or axial pump in reverse operation to generate energy, functioning like a turbine. This concept is particularly useful in hydropower applications where a system traditionally designed for pumping water can be effectively utilized to produce electricity, especially during low-flow conditions or in micro-hydropower systems.

A Rushton turbine is a type of impeller used in mixing and agitation applications, particularly in bioreactors and chemical engineering processes. It is characterized by its flat, disc-like shape that has several radial blades attached to it, typically with a high aspect ratio. The design of the Rushton turbine facilitates effective mixing and aeration of liquids, making it ideal for applications involving the mixing of liquids and gas phases.

A scoop wheel, also known as a scoop wheel pump, is a type of water lifting device or mechanical device that is used to raise water from a source, such as a well or a river, to a higher elevation. It typically consists of a circular wheel with attached scoops or buckets that can scoop up water as the wheel turns.

The slip factor is a term used in various fields, but it is most commonly associated with fluid dynamics and aerodynamics. It refers to the difference between the theoretical performance of a pump, fan, or aerodynamic surface (like an airplane wing) and its actual performance due to losses caused by various factors. ### In Pump and Turbomachinery Context: In the context of pumps and turbines, the slip factor is defined as the ratio of the actual flow rate to the theoretical flow rate.

A turbopump is a type of pump used in various applications, particularly in rocket propulsion systems, to move fluids at high pressures and flow rates. It combines a turbine and a pump into a single unit, leveraging the mechanical energy from the turbine to drive the pump. In rocket engines, turbopumps are critical components that transfer propellants (liquid fuel and oxidizers) from the tanks to the combustion chamber at high pressures.