Jyotirmimamsa is a classical Indian text that belongs to the field of Jyotisha, which is the traditional Indian system of astrology and astronomy. The term "Jyotirmimamsa" can be translated as the "Reflection on Light" or "Philosophy of Light.

In mathematics, the term **order** can refer to several different concepts depending on the context. Here are a few key interpretations: 1. **Order of an Element**: In group theory, the order of an element \( g \) in a finite group is the smallest positive integer \( n \) such that \( g^n = e \), where \( e \) is the identity element of the group.

A Pascal matrix, named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal, is a specific type of matrix that is defined using binomial coefficients. An \(n \times n\) Pascal matrix \(P_n\) is defined as follows: \[ P_n[i, j] = \binom{i + j}{j} \] for \(i, j = 0, 1, 2, \ldots, n-1\).

Jyā, koti-jyā, and utkrama-jyā are terms from classical Indian mathematics and astronomy, particularly in the context of trigonometry and spherical geometry. 1. **Jyā (ज्या)**: This term refers to what we would call the sine function in modern trigonometry. In classical Indian texts, "jyā" was used to describe the half-chord of an arc in a circle.

The Kraków School of Mathematics refers to a significant historical network of mathematicians centered in Kraków, Poland, particularly during the interwar period (1918-1939). This group was notable for its contributions to various fields of mathematics, including functional analysis, set theory, and topology.

The Kraków School of Mathematics and Astrology, often referred to simply as the Kraków School, was a prominent intellectual movement in the late 15th and early 16th centuries in Poland. It mainly revolved around the work of scholars associated with the University of Kraków, known for integrating mathematical and astrological studies into their academic pursuits. Key figures associated with this school included astronomers and mathematicians who sought to apply mathematical principles to the understanding of astronomy and astrology.

HydroCAD is a software program designed for stormwater modeling and management. It is primarily used by civil and environmental engineers to analyze the hydrology and hydraulics of stormwater systems, including drainage, detention, and retention systems. The software allows users to model various elements of stormwater management, such as: 1. **Hydrologic Calculations**: HydroCAD can perform rainfall runoff analysis using various methods, including the Rational Method, SCS Curve Number Method, and others.

Here's a list of some notable mathematicians who were born in the 19th century: 1. **Carl Friedrich Gauss** (1777–1855) - Often referred to as the "Prince of Mathematicians," he made significant contributions to many fields, including number theory, statistics, and astronomy.

Here’s a list of topics related to the history of mathematics that covers various eras, cultures, and significant developments: 1. **Ancient Mathematics** - Babylonian Mathematics - Egyptian Mathematics - Greek Mathematics (e.g., Euclid, Pythagoras, Archimedes) - Indian Mathematics (e.g., Aryabhata, Brahmagupta) - Chinese Mathematics (e.g., Liu Hui, Zhusha) 2.

The Mathematical Tables Project refers to a historical initiative primarily aimed at compiling, producing, and disseminating mathematical tables to aid in calculations and various scientific computations. One prominent example of such an effort is the "Mathematical Tables" created by mathematicians in the early to mid-20th century, often involving extensive collaborations and labor. These tables typically included values for functions such as logarithms, trigonometric functions, exponential functions, and other mathematical computations that were labor-intensive to calculate by hand.

The Mathematische Arbeitstagung, often abbreviated as MAT, is a mathematical conference that typically brings together mathematicians to discuss recent research, developments, and ideas in various fields of mathematics. The term is German for "Mathematical Working Conference." These gatherings provide a platform for sharing scientific findings, networking among researchers, and fostering collaboration in the mathematical community. Such events often feature presentations, discussions, and workshops focusing on both theoretical and applied mathematics.

The Polish School of Mathematics refers to a group of mathematicians and a specific mathematical movement that emerged in Poland in the early to mid-20th century, particularly after World War I and during the interwar period. This movement is characterized by its contributions to various branches of mathematics, including set theory, topology, functional analysis, and logic.

Pre-intuitionism is a philosophical concept primarily associated with mathematics and the foundations of mathematical logic. It is a viewpoint that emphasizes a certain type of epistemological foundation for mathematics, focused on the nature of mathematical truth and knowledge prior to the development of formal intuitionism as articulated by mathematicians like L.E.J. Brouwer. In general, intuitionism is a philosophy of mathematics that asserts that mathematical objects are constructed by the mind and that mathematical truths are not discovered but instead are created through mental processes.

Quadrature of the parabola refers to the process of finding the area under a parabolic arc. This concept was historically significant in the development of calculus and the understanding of integration. The term "quadrature" is derived from the Latin word "quadratus," meaning "square," and it essentially means finding the area (or squared measure) of a figure. The classic example involves the specific parabola described by the equation \( y = x^2 \).

Ramanujan's "lost notebook" refers to a collection of highly significant and previously unpublished mathematical results that were discovered by mathematician George Andrews in the spring of 1976. The notebook is thought to contain a wealth of results regarding partition theory, mock theta functions, and q-series, among other topics. The contents of the lost notebook include formulas and identities that have profound implications in various areas of mathematics, including number theory and combinatorics.

Raymond Clare Archibald (1875–1955) was a prominent American mathematician known for his contributions to various fields in mathematics, particularly in analysis, number theory, and mathematical education. He was a professor at Harvard University and played a significant role in developing mathematics curricula and promoting mathematical research. Archibald is also well-known for his work on mathematical bibliographies and history, and he was involved in editorial tasks for several mathematical journals.

"Revolutions in Mathematics" can refer to various concepts or contexts depending on the focus. While there isn't a universally recognized book or concept with that exact title, it can generally relate to: 1. **Historical Developments**: The phrase might be used to describe significant shifts or breakthroughs in mathematics throughout history.

The Scottish Book is a concept in set theory, particularly associated with the work of the mathematician Paul Erdős. It refers to a collaborative effort among mathematicians, primarily in the context of the "Scottish Book," where various mathematicians contribute problems that are then solved or discussed by others. The idea is that the book itself is a collection of open problems, often posed in a creative or interesting way, which encourages collaboration and communication in the mathematical community.