Tram transport, also known as streetcar or trolley service, refers to a mode of public transportation that uses vehicles running on tracks laid in city streets or dedicated tram corridors. Trams are typically electric and can carry passengers over both short and medium distances. Key features of tram transport include: 1. **Tracks and Routes**: Trams operate on fixed tracks that are usually embedded in the street, allowing them to share space with other vehicles.

Transit-oriented developments (TOD) are urban planning and design strategies that focus on creating compact, walkable communities centered around high-quality public transportation systems. The primary goal of TOD is to maximize access to public transit, reduce reliance on cars, and promote sustainable development patterns.

Uruguayan women physicists have made significant contributions to the field of physics, although they are often underrepresented in the broader scientific community. Some notable figures may include: 1. **Ana María Cetto**: A prominent physicist who has worked in fields such as atomic and molecular physics, and is recognized for her efforts to promote science and education in Latin America. She is involved in various scientific organizations and initiatives aimed at encouraging young scientists.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there is no widely recognized individual or concept known as "Alejandra Melfo." It is possible that it refers to a private individual, a lesser-known public figure, or a fictional character, but without additional context, it is difficult to provide specific information.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there is no widely known public figure or entity specifically named "Enrique Loedel Palumbo." It's possible that the name could refer to a private individual, or it may not be prominent enough to be included in commonly available resources.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, "Erna Frins" does not appear to be a widely recognized term, concept, or notable individual in public or cultural knowledge. It is possible that it refers to a person, character, or term that has gained relevance after that date, or it could be a misspelling or a less-known name.

Uzbekistan has a rich history in mathematics and has produced several notable women mathematicians who have made significant contributions to the field. While the representation of women in mathematics has traditionally been lower than that of men, there are important figures and increasing recognition of their contributions in recent years. Some key points regarding women mathematicians from Uzbekistan include: 1. **Historical Contributions**: Historically, Central Asia has been a hub for mathematical thought, influenced by scholars from the Islamic Golden Age.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there isn't a widely known figure by the name of Bobomurat Ahmedov. It's possible that he may be a local figure, a professional in a specific field, or someone who has gained prominence in recent events after my last update.

The American Thermos Bottle Company Laurel Hill Plant, located in South Carolina, is a facility operated by the American Thermos Bottle Company, which specializes in the production of vacuum-sealed beverage containers and other insulated products. Historically, the company is known for its iconic thermos bottles, which have been popular for their ability to keep beverages hot or cold for extended periods. The Laurel Hill Plant has played a significant role in the manufacturing and distribution of these products and has contributed to the local economy.

A Stanley bottle, often referred to as a Stanley thermos or Stanley vacuum bottle, is a type of insulated container designed to keep beverages hot or cold for extended periods. The original Stanley thermos was invented in 1913 by William Stanley Jr. and is known for its durability and rugged design, making it popular among outdoor enthusiasts, campers, and professionals. Stanley bottles typically feature a vacuum insulation technology, which helps in maintaining the temperature of the contents inside.

Tervis Tumbler is a brand known for its insulated drinkware and tumblers, which are designed to keep beverages hot or cold for extended periods. Founded in 1946, Tervis products are made from durable, reusable materials such as plastic, stainless steel, and are often emblazoned with various designs, logos, and patterns. The tumblers feature a double-wall construction that creates an insulating layer of air, which helps to prevent condensation and keeps drinks at the desired temperature.

Thermos LLC is a company best known for its vacuum-insulated containers, including bottles, flasks, and food storage solutions. Founded in 1904, Thermos pioneered the use of vacuum insulation technology, which helps maintain the temperature of hot and cold liquids for extended periods. The brand is synonymous with durable and portable drinkware and food containers designed for both everyday use and outdoor activities.

Tiger Corporation is a Japanese company known primarily for its manufacturing of thermal insulation products, mainly vacuum flasks and food storage containers. Founded in 1923 and based in Osaka, Japan, Tiger Corporation has gained a strong reputation for its high-quality products that combine functionality with innovative design. The company is especially noted for its vacuum technology, which helps to keep beverages hot or cold for extended periods. In addition to thermal products, Tiger Corporation also produces a variety of kitchen appliances and cookware.

Zojirushi is a Japanese company known for manufacturing high-quality kitchen appliances and household products, particularly thermal insulation products. Founded in 1918, Zojirushi originally focused on creating vacuum flasks, but over the years, it has expanded its product line to include rice cookers, bread machines, coffee makers, food jugs, and electric kettles, among others.

A hot-filament ionization gauge (HFIG) is a type of vacuum gauge used to measure low pressures, typically in the range of 10^-3 to 10^-9 torr (or mbar). It operates based on the principle of ionization created by a hot filament, which serves as the electron source.

A Pirani gauge is a type of vacuum gauge used to measure very low pressures, typically in the range of 10^-3 to 10^-9 Torr (or similar units). It operates on the principle of thermal conductivity, which is influenced by the density of gas molecules surrounding a heated element. ### Key Features and Operation: 1. **Basic Components**: The Pirani gauge typically consists of a filament (or wire) that is heated electrically.

A Residual Gas Analyzer (RGA) is an analytical instrument used to identify and measure the composition of gases present in a vacuum environment. It is commonly employed in various scientific and industrial applications, including vacuum processing, semiconductor manufacturing, surface analysis, and material characterization. ### Key Features of Residual Gas Analyzers: 1. **Detection Principle:** RGAs typically use mass spectrometry as their detection method.

A cryopump is a type of vacuum pump that uses cryogenic temperatures to remove gas from a vacuum chamber. It operates by cooling a surface to very low temperatures, typically using liquid cryogens like liquid nitrogen or helium, which causes gases to condense or freeze onto the surface.

An ion pump is a type of device or mechanism that moves ions across a membrane, often against their concentration gradient, using energy. In physics and biophysics, ion pumps are essential for maintaining the electrochemical gradients across cellular membranes, which are crucial for various biological processes, such as nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.