"Ice eggs" can refer to a natural phenomenon observed in some regions, particularly along certain coastal areas. These are spherical or oval ice formations that resemble eggs, created when water freezes over and is shaped by wind and wave action or when ice crystals form and accumulate. The process typically involves the gathering of small pieces of ice or slush that are combined, shaped, and smoothed into these egg-like structures.

An ice floe is a large, flat mass of floating ice that occurs in oceans and other large bodies of water, primarily in polar regions. Ice floes can vary in size, ranging from a few square meters to several square kilometers. They are typically formed from the freezing of seawater and can be comprised of sea ice, which is formed from the freezing of ocean water.

An ice mass balance buoy is a scientific instrument used to measure the mass balance of sea ice and potentially other types of ice in polar regions. These buoys typically float on the surface of the ice and are equipped with various sensors to monitor and record environmental conditions, such as temperature, salinity, snow depth, ice thickness, and other relevant parameters.

Ice mélange refers to a mixture of ice and water, specifically in the context of glacial and oceanic environments. It commonly describes a combination of different forms of ice, such as sea ice, icebergs, and glacial ice, often found in polar or subpolar regions. Ice mélange is particularly relevant in glacial environments, where it can occur in the areas around a glacier's terminus (the part of the glacier that meets the sea or a lake).

Ice rafting refers to the process by which ice, often in the form of icebergs or sea ice, is transported over water by currents, winds, or tides. This phenomenon can also occur in the context of glacial ice that breaks off and floats away from glaciers, potentially carrying sediment and other materials with it.

A sea-level curve is a graphical representation that shows changes in sea level over geological time. It typically depicts how sea levels have varied in response to factors like glaciation, tectonic activity, and climate change. The curve can illustrate both long-term trends (over millions of years) and short-term fluctuations (over thousands of years), and it is often constructed using data from various sources, including sediment cores, ice cores, fossil records, and geological surveys.

Sea level rise in New Zealand, like in many parts of the world, is a significant concern driven primarily by climate change and the associated melting of ice sheets and glaciers, as well as thermal expansion of seawater as it warms. In New Zealand, projections indicate that sea levels could rise by approximately 0.3 to 1.0 meters by the end of the century, depending on the level of global greenhouse gas emissions.

Any-angle path planning refers to a class of algorithms and methods used in robotics and computer graphics to find the shortest or optimal path from a starting point to a destination point in an environment that may include obstacles, while allowing for movement in any direction rather than being restricted to predefined grid or discrete points. Traditional path planning methods often operate on a grid, meaning they can only consider movements along the grid lines.

In the context of sea ice, a "lead" refers to a narrow, linear opening or crack in the sea ice cover. Leads can form due to various processes, including wind and ocean currents, which can push or pull the ice apart, creating fractures. They can vary in size, from small cracks to larger openings, and can be temporary or persist for longer periods depending on environmental conditions.

Sea ice growth processes refer to the various physical phenomena and mechanisms that lead to the formation and thickening of sea ice in polar and sub-polar regions. These processes are crucial for understanding the climate system, as sea ice plays a significant role in regulating heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, influencing global climate patterns.

Seabed gouging by ice refers to the process where moving ice, such as glacial or pack ice, interacts with the seafloor, leading to the erosion, displacement, and physical alteration of the seabed. This phenomenon typically occurs in polar regions or areas with significant ice cover. When large ice masses move, they can exert considerable pressure on the underlying sediment, leading to gouges, striations, or even depressions in the seafloor.

Stamukha refers to a figure from Hindu mythology, specifically within the context of the Mahabharata. He is one of the prominent characters associated with the epic's narratives. Stamukha is often depicted as a warrior and is known for his valor in battles. However, specific details about his character and role can vary, as adaptations and interpretations of the Mahabharata differ across regions and traditions.

East Island, also known as Mokupāpapa, is one of the islands in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, which is part of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. This remote island is largely uninhabited and is an important nesting site for seabirds and marine life. East Island is notable for its unique ecosystem and natural beauty, providing a habitat for various species.

The Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) is an initiative established to monitor and understand changes in sea level across the globe. It is a component of the International Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and aims to provide the scientific community and policymakers with reliable and consistent data on sea level variation. GLOSS focuses on several key areas: 1. **Data Collection**: GLOSS establishes a network of tide gauges and satellite altimetry systems for collecting sea level data.

The North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System (NWSOOS) is an oceanographic monitoring and forecasting system designed to provide real-time data and information about ocean conditions in the North West Shelf region of Australia. This system is vital for a variety of applications, including: 1. **Maritime Safety**: Providing data to support safe navigation and operations at sea.

Cuckoo hashing is a type of open-addressing hash table algorithm that resolves collisions by using multiple hash functions and a strategy resembling the behavior of a cuckoo bird, which lays its eggs in other birds' nests. The key idea behind cuckoo hashing is to allow a key to be stored in one of several possible locations in the hash table and to "evict" existing keys when a collision occurs.

Anytime A* (AA*) is an extension of the A* search algorithm designed to provide approximate solutions to pathfinding problems in situations where computational resources are limited and time constraints exist. It is particularly useful in scenarios where finding an optimal solution can be computationally expensive and where obtaining a good solution quickly is preferable. ### Key Features of Anytime A*: 1. **Anytime Nature**: The algorithm provides a valid solution at any point during its execution.

Incremental heuristic search refers to a search methodology that updates an existing solution or path as new information becomes available, rather than starting the search process from scratch. This approach is particularly useful in dynamic environments where conditions can change over time, or when solving problems that require continuous updates because of new data or evolving objectives.

Index mapping refers to various concepts depending on the context in which it is used, but generally, it involves the assignment of values, properties, or characteristics from one set to another based on their indices. Here are a few common interpretations of index mapping in different fields: 1. **Mathematics and Statistics:** - In mathematics, index mapping can refer to how elements of a set or array are related to their positions.

Interpolation search is an efficient search algorithm that is used to find an element in a sorted array. It works on the principle of estimating the position of the target value within the array based on the values at the endpoints of the segment being searched. This algorithm is particularly effective for uniformly distributed values. ### How It Works 1. **Initialization**: The algorithm starts with two indices, `low` and `high`, which represent the current bounds of the array segment being searched.