The Global Ocean Sampling Expedition (GOSE) is a scientific initiative aimed at understanding the diversity and functionality of microbial communities in the world's oceans. Launched by the Craig Venter Institute in 2003, the expedition involved the collection of water samples from various locations across the oceans. The primary goal was to explore and document the vast genetic diversity of marine microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, and viruses.

The Galathea expeditions refer to a series of scientific voyages conducted by the Danish research vessel *Galathea*, which has been involved in marine research and exploration. The first of these expeditions occurred in the 1840s (specifically from 1845 to 1847), and it was led by Danish naturalist and explorer W. E. A. M. Lyngbye.

Roger Charlier is not widely recognized in public knowledge up to my last update in October 2023. It’s possible that he could be a lesser-known figure, a local personality, or someone who has gained prominence after that date. If you have specific context or information about who Roger Charlier is or the field in which he operates (such as art, science, business, etc.

As of my last update in October 2023, there doesn't appear to be a widely recognized subject known as "Mira Zore-Armanda." It's possible that it could be a specific name, a term from a niche area, or something that emerged after my last update.

A list of oceanographers includes prominent scientists and researchers who have made significant contributions to the study of the ocean and marine sciences. Here is a selection of notable oceanographers, though this is not an exhaustive list: 1. **Jacques Cousteau** - A French naval officer, explorer, and conservationist known for his underwater explorations and films. 2. **Marie Tharp** - An American geologist and oceanographic cartographer who created the first scientific map of the ocean floor.

José Hipólito Monteiro may refer to a number of individuals, but one of the more prominent is a Portuguese artist known for his contributions to various artistic fields, including painting and sculpture.

As of my last update in October 2023, there isn't widely known information about a person or entity named "Hamed Gohar." It's possible that Hamed Gohar could refer to a private individual, a lesser-known public figure, or a concept not commonly recognized in mainstream discourse.

Carlos I of Portugal, also known as Carlos I of Braganza, was the King of Portugal from 1889 until his assassination in 1908. He was born on September 28, 1863, and became king after the death of his father, King Luís I.

An ocean gyre is a large system of circulating ocean currents, primarily driven by the Earth's wind patterns and the Coriolis effect. Gyres are organized into large, circular patterns in the oceans and typically occur in each of the world's major oceans. They play a crucial role in regulating the climate and temperature of ocean waters and can significantly influence weather patterns. There are five major gyres in the world’s oceans: 1. **North Atlantic Gyre** 2.

The North Atlantic Gyre is a large system of rotating ocean currents in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is part of a larger system of oceanic currents known as gyres, which are driven by wind patterns, the Coriolis effect, and differences in water temperature and salinity.

The Indian Ocean Gyre is a large system of rotating ocean currents in the Indian Ocean. It is part of the broader system of ocean currents that circulate around the world's oceans. The gyre is primarily defined by the following features: 1. **Structure**: The Indian Ocean Gyre consists of major currents that flow in a clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.

The concept of latitude has a rich history that dates back to ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians, Greeks, and early astronomers. Latitude is the geographical coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on the Earth's surface, expressed in degrees, with the equator at 0° and the poles at 90° north and south. ### Ancient Development 1. **Early Understanding**: Ancient cultures had a rudimentary understanding of the concept of latitude.

The Snellius Expedition refers to a significant scientific research expedition that was organized to study the waters, climate, and ecosystems of the Indo-Pacific region, particularly focusing on the area around Indonesia. It was named after the Dutch mathematician and astronomer Willebrord Snellius. The first major Snellius Expedition took place in 1929-1930, primarily conducted by the Dutch government and various scientific teams.

The Siboga Expedition was a significant scientific research mission conducted between 1899 and 1900 in the waters of the Indonesian archipelago, primarily around the island of Indonesia and the surrounding regions. It was named after the research vessel, the H.M.S. Siboga, which was used for the expedition. Led by Dutch naturalist Adriaan van den Broek, the Siboga Expedition aimed to study marine biology, geography, and oceanography.

Maritime timelines refer to chronological records or charts that outline significant events, developments, and milestones in maritime history or the history of a particular maritime organization, region, or industry. These timelines can cover a broad range of topics, including: 1. **Nautical Exploration**: Important voyages, discoveries, and advancements in navigation and shipbuilding. 2. **Trade Routes**: The development of maritime trade routes and the evolution of shipping practices throughout history.

The exploration of the Indian Ocean refers to the historical and contemporary efforts to survey, study, and understand the ocean and its myriad features, ecosystems, and maritime routes. This exploration has unfolded over centuries and includes a range of activities such as navigation, trade, scientific research, and environmental studies. Here are some key aspects of Indian Ocean exploration: ### Historical Context 1. **Ancient Trade Routes**: The Indian Ocean has been crucial for trade since antiquity.

The Deep Ocean mission, often referred to in various contexts, typically involves scientific exploration and research aimed at studying the deep sea environment. This includes missions conducted by organizations and institutions exploring underwater ecosystems, geological formations, and the unique biodiversity found in deep ocean habitats. One of the more notable missions tied to this concept is **"The Deep Ocean Mission"** initiated by the Ministry of Earth Sciences in India.

"Ocean explorers" typically refers to individuals, teams, or organizations that research, investigate, and explore the ocean's depths, ecosystems, and geological features. This could include marine biologists, oceanographers, marine archaeologists, and other scientists dedicated to understanding the ocean's physical and biological processes.

Retroflect can refer to a couple of different concepts depending on the context: 1. **Psychological Term**: In psychology, "retroflect" is used in Gestalt therapy to describe a defense mechanism where individuals turn their feelings or reactions inward rather than expressing them outwardly. For example, if someone feels anger toward another person but instead turns that anger inward, leading to self-criticism or self-harm, that would be considered retroflecting.

Ocean dynamics refers to the study of the physical processes and movements within the Earth's oceans. It encompasses a variety of phenomena, including currents, waves, tides, and the interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, as well as how these processes affect climate, weather patterns, and marine ecosystems.