Navigational algorithms are computational procedures or techniques used to determine the path that an entity (such as a robot, vehicle, or character in a video game) should take to reach a destination while avoiding obstacles and optimizing performance based on certain criteria. These algorithms are crucial in various fields, including robotics, computer graphics, game development, and autonomous vehicle navigation.

A running survey generally refers to a type of survey method used in research and data collection that involves continuously collecting data over a period of time, rather than at a single point. This approach is often employed in various contexts, including market research, public opinion polling, and social science research, to gather ongoing feedback or track changes over time. Some key characteristics of running surveys include: 1. **Continuous Data Collection**: Data is collected regularly, allowing researchers to monitor trends and shifts in opinions or behaviors.

Seamanship is the art and skill of operating and navigating a vessel at sea. It encompasses a wide range of knowledge and practical skills necessary for the safe and efficient handling of a ship or boat. Key aspects of seamanship include: 1. **Navigation**: Understanding how to chart a course, use navigational instruments, and read nautical charts and maps.

Images of nebulae are photographs or digital representations of nebulae, which are vast clouds of gas and dust in space. These celestial objects are often the birthplace of stars (like stellar nurseries) or the remnants of dead or dying stars. Nebulae can vary greatly in size, shape, and color, depending on their composition and the type of light they emit or reflect.

A planetary nebula is a type of astronomical object formed from the outer layers of a dying star, specifically a star similar in size to our Sun that has exhausted the nuclear fuel in its core. When such a star begins to end its life, it undergoes a series of changes: 1. **Red Giant Phase**: The star expands into a red giant, causing it to shed its outer layers into space.

Delay-gradient congestion control is a type of mechanism used in computer networks to manage congestion based on the delay experienced by packets as they traverse the network. This approach aims to optimize the flow of data by measuring the delay between packet transmissions and adjusting transmission rates accordingly. Here are some key features of delay-gradient congestion control: 1. **Delay Measurement**: It focuses on measuring the round-trip time (RTT) or the delay experienced by packets. By monitoring these delays, the system can detect congestion early.

Active Queue Management (AQM) refers to a set of network management techniques used to prevent network congestion by actively managing the packets that are queued in routers or switches. Instead of simply dropping packets when the queue becomes full (which is a passive approach), AQM techniques involve monitoring queue lengths and actively controlling the flow of packets to maintain optimal performance and minimize packet loss.

Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) is an extension to the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol that allows clients and servers to negotiate which application-layer protocol they will use over a secure connection. It is especially useful in scenarios where a single port is used for multiple protocols, such as HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, or even other protocols like WebSocket.

Bufferbloat is a phenomenon that occurs in computer networks when excessive buffering of packets leads to high latency and jitter, negatively impacting the performance of real-time applications such as online gaming, video conferencing, and VoIP (Voice over IP). While buffering is typically used to absorb bursts of traffic and smooth out network congestion, when buffers are set too large, they can lead to delays in packet transmission.

Hierarchical Fair-Service Curve (HFSC) is a network scheduling algorithm designed to manage bandwidth allocation in a way that ensures fair and efficient service to different classes of traffic in a multi-level hierarchy. It was developed to overcome limitations found in earlier scheduling and traffic management techniques by combining aspects of both class-based queuing and traffic shaping.

A Network Performance Monitoring Solution is a set of tools and technologies designed to assess, manage, and optimize the performance of a computer network. These solutions help organizations ensure that their networks operate efficiently and reliably, which is essential for supporting business operations, applications, and end-user experiences.

A network scheduler is a system or software component designed to manage and optimize the allocation of resources within a network. This can involve a variety of tasks, depending on the type of network (e.g., computer networks, telecommunication networks, etc.), but generally includes: 1. **Traffic Management**: Controlling the flow of data packets to ensure efficient use of bandwidth. This can involve prioritizing certain types of data over others, implementing Quality of Service (QoS) policies, and reducing congestion.

Flow control is a fundamental concept in data communication and networking that manages the rate of data transmission between two devices or endpoints. Its primary purpose is to ensure that a sender does not overwhelm a receiver with too much data too quickly, which can lead to performance degradation or data loss. ### Key Concepts of Flow Control: 1. **Buffering**: Data is often transmitted in packets, and the receiving device may have a limited buffer (or memory) to store incoming packets.

Link aggregation is a networking technique used to combine multiple network connections in parallel to increase throughput and provide redundancy in case one or more links fail. This is also known as port trunking, link bundling, or LAN trunking. ### Key Benefits: 1. **Increased Bandwidth**: By combining several links, the total available bandwidth can be significantly higher than with a single link.

"Mod QoS" typically refers to "Modified Quality of Service" or "Modular Quality of Service," depending on the context in which it's used. Quality of Service (QoS) itself is a network feature that prioritizes certain types of traffic to ensure optimal performance, particularly in environments where bandwidth is limited or where specific applications require guaranteed delivery times, such as voice over IP (VoIP), video streaming, and online gaming.

Mouseflow is a web analytics tool that helps website owners and marketers understand user behavior on their sites. It primarily provides insights through session replay, heatmaps, funnels, and form analytics. Here are the main features of Mouseflow: 1. **Session Replay**: This feature allows you to watch recordings of individual user sessions on your website. It shows how users interact with your site, including their mouse movements, clicks, and scrolls.

NetPIPE (Network Protocol Independent Performance Evaluator) is a benchmarking tool designed to assess the performance of network protocols and the communication capabilities of different systems over a network. It measures parameters such as bandwidth, latency, and message throughput by sending data packets between nodes. NetPIPE provides a framework for testing various network configurations, allowing users to evaluate how different protocols and setups perform under different conditions. It is particularly useful in high-performance computing environments, where efficient data transfer is critical.

Service assurance refers to the practices and strategies employed by organizations to ensure that their services meet defined quality standards and performance expectations. It encompasses a range of processes that enable organizations to monitor, manage, and enhance the performance, availability, and reliability of services, particularly in the context of IT service management and telecommunications. Key components of service assurance include: 1. **Monitoring and Analytics**: Continuous monitoring of service performance metrics (e.g.

A proxy server is an intermediary server that acts as a gateway between a client (such as a computer or a device) and another server (often a web server). When a client requests a resource, such as a web page, the request is first sent to the proxy server. The proxy then forwards the request to the intended server, retrieves the response, and sends it back to the client.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) congestion control is a set of algorithms and mechanisms used to manage network traffic and prevent congestion in a TCP/IP network. Congestion occurs when the demand for network resources exceeds the available capacity, leading to degraded performance, increased packet loss, and latency. TCP is responsible for ensuring reliable communication between applications over the internet, and its congestion control features help maintain optimal data transmission rates and improve overall network efficiency.