In ecology, a community refers to an assemblage of different species living together in a particular habitat or ecosystem. These species can include plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that interact with one another in various ways, including competition, predation, mutualism, and commensalism. Communities are characterized by their species diversity (the variety of species present), species composition (the identity and abundance of each species), and the interactions among the species.

Effective evolutionary time is a concept used in evolutionary biology and phylogenetics to describe the time scale over which evolutionary processes such as mutation, selection, and genetic drift have significantly influenced the genetic differences among populations or species. Unlike "calendrical time," which refers to the actual passage of time measured in years or millennia, effective evolutionary time considers the rates of evolutionary change and the various factors that can affect how quickly or slowly evolutionary processes occur.

Parapatric speciation is a mode of speciation that occurs when populations of a species become geographically isolated from one another, but still maintain a non-overlapping distribution. This can happen in conditions where two populations are adjacent to each other and share a border, but are limited in their interbreeding due to ecological differences, environmental gradients, or other factors.

The term "Mesozoic–Cenozoic radiation" generally refers to the significant diversification of life forms that occurred during the transition from the Mesozoic Era to the Cenozoic Era, which spans roughly from 66 million years ago to the present. This period is marked by dramatic changes in the Earth's climate, the breakup of continents, and the extinction of many species, notably the non-avian dinosaurs, at the end of the Cretaceous period.

The Neotropical realm is one of the major biogeographic regions of the world, encompassing a vast area of the Americas, including much of South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. It is characterized by a rich diversity of flora and fauna, many of which are unique to the region due to its varied ecosystems, such as tropical rainforests, savannas, deserts, and mountainous areas.

The Bioinformatics Open Source Conference (BOSC) is an event focused on the open-source aspects of bioinformatics, emphasizing collaboration, sharing of tools, and methodologies within the bioinformatics community. It typically features presentations, workshops, and discussions on a variety of topics related to bioinformatics software, data analysis, and computational biology.

The Pannonian Biogeographic Region is one of the biogeographic regions defined within the European Union's Natura 2000 network and recognized by ecological and conservation studies. It encompasses a diverse area primarily situated in Central Europe, including parts of countries such as Hungary, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Slovakia, Romania, and Serbia.

QDGC could refer to various entities or concepts depending on the context, but there isn't a widely recognized term or acronym known as "QDGC" in common use as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It might represent a specific organization, technology, or concept within a particular field (like technology, science, or finance) that is not broadly known.

Biomedical informatics journals are academic publications that focus on the application of informatics in the fields of biology, medicine, and healthcare. These journals cover a wide range of topics, including but not limited to: 1. **Health Information Systems**: Studies on electronic health records (EHRs), health information exchanges (HIEs), and other digital systems used in healthcare.

In bioinformatics, an accession number is a unique identifier assigned to a specific biological sequence or data entry in various databases, such as nucleotide and protein sequence databases. This identifier allows researchers to easily reference, retrieve, and share specific sequences or data associated with biological research. Accession numbers are commonly used in databases like: 1. **GenBank**: A nucleotide sequence database maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). 2. **EMBL**: The European Molecular Biology Laboratory database.

BioMOBY (Bio Molecular Open Worlds Wide) is a framework designed for the integration and sharing of biological data and services over the internet. It aims to facilitate the discovery and retrieval of biological data from various sources by providing a standardized protocol for communication between different data providers, tools, and services in the life sciences domain.

The Bioinformatics Institute (BII) is a research institute located in Singapore that focuses on bioinformatics and computational biology. It is part of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), which is a major research and development organization in Singapore. Established in 2001, the BII's mission is to leverage computational methods and biological data to address scientific questions in biology and medicine.

Biological data visualization is a field that focuses on the graphical representation of biological data to facilitate understanding, analysis, and interpretation of complex biological phenomena. This process leverages various visualization techniques and tools to display the intricate patterns, structures, and relationships found in biological research, which can encompass a wide range of topics, including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, ecological studies, and more.

As of my last update in October 2023, there isn't a widely recognized service or product specifically named "FastContact." However, it's possible that it could refer to a variety of things such as a software application, a service related to contact management, or a feature within a broader platform focused on facilitating communication or connectivity.

Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples, allowing researchers to analyze the collective microbial genomes present in a particular habitat without the need for isolating and culturing individual species. This field of research leverages advanced sequencing technologies to explore the diversity, functional potential, and interactions of microorganisms in complex communities.

The Global Distance Test (GDT) is a computational method used primarily in the field of bioinformatics, particularly in protein structure prediction and evaluation. It measures the similarity between two protein structures by determining the distance between corresponding atoms in the structures being compared. The key features of the Global Distance Test include: 1. **Distance Matrix Comparison**: GDT calculates the distance between pairs of residues in two superimposed protein structures. It focuses on the spatial arrangement of atoms to quantify structural similarity.

The Human Epigenome Project (HEP) is an initiative aimed at mapping and understanding the epigenome, which consists of chemical modifications to DNA and histone proteins that regulate gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications can affect how genes are turned on or off, influencing various biological processes, development, and disease susceptibility.

In the fields of bioinformatics and computational biology, several prestigious awards recognize outstanding contributions, innovations, and achievements. Here is a list of notable awards related to these disciplines: 1. **HPC Innovation Excellence Award** - Recognizes innovative applications of high-performance computing technologies in bioinformatics and computational biology. 2. **ISCB Awards** (International Society for Computational Biology): - **Overton Prize** - Awarded to an individual who has made a significant contribution to the field of computational biology.

Viral metagenomics is a subfield of metagenomics that focuses specifically on the study of viral populations within environmental samples, organisms, or communities. It involves the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies to analyze a broad range of viral genomes present in a given sample, without the need for prior isolation and cultivation of the viruses.