Model railroad scales refer to the size ratios used to represent real-world trains and railroads in miniature form. Essentially, each scale indicates how much smaller the model is compared to the actual prototype. Different scales are popular for various reasons, including space, detail, and realism. Here are some common model railroad scales: 1. **N Scale (1:160)**: This is a small scale that allows for complex layouts in a limited space.

Model railroads are miniature versions of rail systems that enthusiasts create for hobby or display purposes. They typically consist of scaled-down models of trains, tracks, landscapes, buildings, and other elements found in real railroad operations. Model railroading involves various aspects such as design, building, and operating these miniature systems, and it can encompass a wide variety of scales (sizes), from HO scale (1:87) to N scale (1:160) and larger gauges like G scale.

Narrow gauge railway modelling refers to the hobby of creating scale models of narrow gauge railways, which are railways that use tracks with a smaller than standard distance between the rails. Standard gauge is typically 4 feet 8.5 inches (1,435 mm), while narrow gauge can range from as little as 15 inches (381 mm) up to 3 feet (914 mm).

Rail transport modeling publications refer to academic papers, research articles, technical reports, and books that focus on the modeling and analysis of rail transport systems. These publications typically cover various aspects of rail transport, such as: 1. **Traffic Simulation**: Studies that use simulation methods to model train movements, scheduling, and the interactions between trains and infrastructure. 2. **Supply Chain and Logistics**: Research focusing on how rail transport fits into broader supply chain logistics, including freight transport efficiency and intermodal connections.

Rail transport modeling standards refer to a set of guidelines, protocols, and specifications designed to ensure consistency, interoperability, and efficiency in the modeling and simulation of rail transport systems. These standards may address various aspects, including: 1. **Data Formats**: Specifications for how data should be structured and exchanged between different modeling tools, databases, and systems. 2. **Simulation Techniques**: Guidelines for the methodologies used in simulating rail network performance, including traffic flow, scheduling, and capacity analysis.

The Birmingham Dribbler is an informal term that can refer to a type of pedestrian or urban phenomenon in Birmingham, UK, often reflecting local slang or colloquial expressions related to the culture of the city. However, as of my last update in October 2023, it does not refer to a widely recognized concept, group, or event.

The Casino Model Railway Museum is a specialized museum located in Casino, New South Wales, Australia. It is dedicated to the exhibition and preservation of model railways and railway memorabilia. The museum features an extensive collection of model trains, dioramas, and displays that showcase various rail systems and historical railway scenes. Visitors to the museum can explore intricately detailed layouts that often include operational trains, landscapes, and miniature towns.

The Computer Model Railroad Interface (CMRI) is a system designed to facilitate communication and control of model railroads using computers. It provides a framework that allows hobbyists to integrate digital controls with their model railroads, enabling features such as automated train operation, remote control of switches and signals, and monitoring of train positions and statuses.

Hornby Track Master is a model railway system produced by Hornby, a well-known British manufacturer of model trains and accessories. The Track Master system is designed to allow hobbyists and enthusiasts to create intricate railway layouts with various track configurations. It typically features a range of track pieces, including straight tracks, curves, junctions, and other specialized components to enable a variety of train operations.

The Lionel Wartime Freight Train refers to a series of model trains produced by Lionel during World War II, specifically between 1942 and 1945. Due to material shortages and government restrictions on production during the war, Lionel adapted its offerings to focus on simpler designs that used fewer resources. This included a limited set of freight cars themed around the wartime context, featuring military motifs or designs that resonated with the prevailing sentiments of patriotism and support for the war effort.

Live steam refers to the use of steam power in miniature models, often in the context of model railroads and scale locomotives. Live steam models are powered by real steam engines that are typically fueled by alcohol, propane, or other sources, which heat water to create steam. This steam drives the engine's pistons, allowing the model to move and operate much like a full-sized steam locomotive.

FREMO stands for "Freundschafts- und Modellbahn-Express" (Friendship and Model Railway Express), and it is an association for model railroad enthusiasts, particularly in Germany. FREMO is known for promoting modular model railroading, where members create and set up layouts using standardized modules. This allows for flexible and diverse configurations that can be assembled for exhibitions or events. The association encourages collaboration and social interaction among its members, emphasizing the enjoyment of building and operating model railroads.

An activity-driven model is a framework used in various fields, including business process modeling, project management, and systems development, that emphasizes the activities or tasks that are necessary to achieve specific goals or outcomes. Rather than focusing primarily on resources (like people, tools, or capital) or outputs (like products or services), this model prioritizes the workflows and processes that drive success.

Loop-erased random walk (LERW) is a mathematical construct and a type of random walk that is particularly interesting in the fields of probability theory and statistical mechanics. It can be thought of as a model for exploring the behavior of paths in a random environment while avoiding certain obstacles (loops). Here's how it works: 1. **Random Walk**: Begin with a simple random walk on a lattice (for example, the integer grid in two dimensions), starting from an origin point.

Modelling British railway prototypes generally refers to the hobby of creating scale models that represent British railway vehicles, infrastructure, and scenes. This can include a variety of elements, such as locomotives, rolling stock (passenger and freight cars), stations, tracks, and the broader railway environment including scenery and buildings.

Normen Europäischer Modellbahnen (NEM) refers to a set of standards that govern the various aspects of model railroading in Europe. These standards were established to ensure compatibility and interoperability among different manufacturers' products, thus enhancing the overall experience of model railroad enthusiasts. The NEM standards cover a wide range of topics, including but not limited to: 1. **Scale and Gauge**: Definitions of various scales (e.g., H0, N) and respective track gauges.

The Railway of the Prince Imperial, also known as the "Chemin de fer du Prince Impérial," refers to a narrow-gauge railway located in the region of La Réunion, an island in the Indian Ocean that is overseas territory of France. This railway was built in the late 19th century, specifically between 1889 and 1890, to transport tourists to the scenic areas of the island.

Ramsey's theorem is a fundamental result in combinatorial mathematics and graph theory that addresses the conditions under which order must appear in a large enough structure. The theorem essentially states that in any sufficiently large graph, one can find certain types of complete subgraphs.

SuperTrain is an annual model train and hobby show that typically takes place in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It showcases a variety of model railroads, trains, and related hobbies, attracting enthusiasts of all ages. The exhibition features large operating layouts, vendor booths selling supplies and merchandise, workshops, and family-friendly activities. It's an opportunity for model train enthusiasts to connect, share ideas, and participate in the vibrant model railroading community.