Norman Lockyer (1836-1920) was a prominent British astronomer and physicist, best known for his pioneering work in the field of astrophysics. He is most famous for discovering the element helium in 1868, which he identified while studying the solar spectrum during a solar eclipse. Lockyer also made significant contributions to the study of spectral lines and the composition of stars, helping to establish the field of astronomical spectroscopy.

Richard Zare is a prominent American chemist known for his contributions to the fields of chemistry and spectroscopy. He is particularly noted for his work in laser chemistry, including the development of techniques for studying chemical reactions on a molecular level. Zare has made significant advancements in understanding the dynamics of molecular interactions and has published extensively in scientific literature. Zare has held various academic positions, including a long-standing association with Stanford University, where he has served as a professor in the Department of Chemistry.

Robert Curl is an American chemist who is best known for his co-discovery of fullerenes, a class of carbon allotropes that include structures like buckminsterfullerene (C60), which resembles a soccer ball. This groundbreaking work, conducted in the 1980s alongside Richard Smalley and Harold Kroto, led to significant advancements in the field of nanotechnology and materials science.

Victor Francis Hess (1883–1964) was an Austrian physicist known for his pioneering work in the field of cosmic rays. He is best known for his discovery of cosmic radiation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1936 along with William E. McMillan. Hess conducted experiments in the early 20th century that involved measuring ionization at various altitudes using a balloon.

Victor Schumann may refer to different individuals or topics, but there isn't a widely recognized figure by that name in popular culture, history, or significant events up to my last knowledge update in October 2023. It's possible that Victor Schumann could be a lesser-known individual in a specific profession, or perhaps a fictional character, depending on the context.

Villy Sundström is a notable public figure in Sweden, primarily recognized for his contributions to various fields, including politics and possibly academia or business, depending on the specific context. However, there might be multiple individuals with that name, so it would be helpful to have more context to provide accurate information about the specific Villy Sundström you are referring to.

William Swan (1924–2015) was a notable physicist known for his contributions to various fields, particularly in the area of electromagnetic theory and its applications. He had a significant influence in the study of physics and was involved in research and academic pursuits throughout his career.

Vapor phase decomposition is a chemical process where a compound is broken down into its constituent parts (or simpler substances) in the vapor phase, usually through the application of heat or by exposure to a reactive environment. This process is often utilized in various industrial and laboratory applications, such as in the synthesis of materials, the purification of substances, or in chemical analysis.

Dexter electron transfer, often referred to in the context of quantum chemistry and solid-state physics, is a mechanism of electron transfer that involves quantum tunneling. This process typically occurs between two molecules that are in close proximity and involves the transfer of an electron from one molecular orbital to another, even when they are not directly in contact.

Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) refers to a significant change in the electrical resistance of a material in response to an applied magnetic field. This phenomenon is especially pronounced in certain types of manganese oxides, such as perovskite materials. CMR can be defined as an increase in resistance by several orders of magnitude when a magnetic field is applied, compared to the resistance observed in the absence of a magnetic field.

Kratos MS 50 is generally known as a type of missile system, specifically the indigenous surface-to-air missile developed by India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It is designed to provide air defense capabilities to protect various assets by engaging aerial threats like aircraft, drones, and missiles. Additionally, it may encompass integration with advanced tracking and guidance systems to ensure accurate targeting.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) is an advanced imaging technique that combines Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to evaluate the biochemical composition of tissues in a non-invasive manner. While MRI primarily provides images based on the anatomy and structure of tissues, MRSI offers insights into the metabolic and chemical composition of those tissues.

X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) is a powerful spectroscopic technique used to probe the magnetic properties of materials at the atomic scale. It utilizes circularly polarized X-rays to study the magnetic states of a sample, providing information about the electronic structure and the magnetic moments associated with different elements in a material. The principle behind XMCD is based on the interaction of circularly polarized X-rays with magnetic materials.

The Chandrasekhar-Page equations describe the structure of a neutron star, specifically its equilibrium under the influence of gravity and the pressure of its degenerate matter. They are derived from the principles of general relativity and account for the balance between the gravitational forces trying to compress the star and the pressure exerted by the neutron fluid. The equations involve several critical parameters, including the mass, radius, and internal energy density of the star.

The Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) is a quantum mechanical phenomenon observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields. It is characterized by the quantization of the Hall conductivity, which is the ratio of the transverse electric field to the longitudinal current density.

Triality is a concept in theoretical physics and mathematics, particularly in the context of string theory and various algebraic structures. It refers to a duality relating three distinct theories or structures that can provide insights into the relationships between them. In the realm of string theory, triality is often associated with certain symmetry properties in higher-dimensional spaces. For example, the triality symmetry may reveal connections between different string theories or supersymmetric theories, illustrating how they can be transformed into one another under certain conditions.

Van der Waerden notation refers to a way of denoting numbers associated with the field of Ramsey theory, particularly focusing on the concepts of partitioning and combinatorial numbers. It is often used in the context of the study of coloring finite sets and investigating the existence of monochromatic subsets.

A flexible impeller is a type of pump component that utilizes a series of flexible, vaned lobes mounted on a rotor to move fluids. These impellers are commonly used in flexible impeller pumps, which are designed for transferring a wide range of liquids, including viscous, abrasive, or shear-sensitive materials.

The degree of reaction is a concept used in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, particularly in the analysis of turbines, compressors, and other rotating machinery. It provides a measure of how much of the total energy conversion that occurs in a staged machine (like a turbine) is accomplished through kinetic energy changes versus potential energy changes within the fluid.

A follower plate pump, also known as a follower plate piston pump or a hydraulic follower plate pump, is a type of positive displacement pump commonly used to transfer viscous fluids. This pump design employs a follower plate, which follows the movement of a piston, allowing it to effectively move thick liquids or slurries that might be challenging for other pump types. ### Key Features of Follower Plate Pumps: 1. **Design:** The pump consists of a cylinder in which a piston moves back and forth.