Carl Ramsauer refers to the Ramsauer effect, which is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics observed in the scattering of electrons by atoms. More specifically, it describes the unexpected enhancement of the scattering cross-section of low-energy electrons as they pass through a target gas at low pressures. This effect was first observed by the German physicist Carl Ramsauer in the early 20th century. The phenomenon is significant for understanding electron-atom interactions and has implications for fields such as atomic physics and materials science.
Sonia Natale is not widely recognized in popular culture or historical contexts, so it's possible that she could be a private individual or a relatively local figure. If you have a specific context in mind—such as a particular field (e.g., art, politics, science) or a geographical location—please provide more details.
Gustav Ludwig Hertz (1887-1975) was a German physicist known for his work in the fields of atomic and molecular physics. He is best recognized for his research on electron scattering and the development of the Hertz experiment, which involved the measurement of the ionization potentials of atoms. Hertz was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1925, along with James Franck, for their experiments on the impact of electrons on atoms and the resulting ionization of gases.
Abortion by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli is for abortion rights of women, until very late in pregnancy.
But it's not something that he would do himself, unless under extreme cases.
Dieter Langbein is a name that could refer to a specific individual, but without additional context, it's difficult to provide detailed information. If you are referring to a notable person, such as an academic, artist, or professional in a specific field, please provide more details. There might also be limited information available if he is not widely recognized in popular media or literature.
Eberhard Bodenschatz is a physicist known for his contributions to the fields of fluid dynamics and complex systems. He has worked extensively on topics such as turbulence, pattern formation, and the behavior of complex fluids. Bodenschatz has been involved in various research projects and has published numerous scientific papers throughout his career. His work often emphasizes the interplay between theory and experimental observations.
Erich Hückel (1896–1980) was a German theoretical chemist known for his significant contributions to the field of chemistry, particularly in molecular orbital theory and the understanding of π-electron systems in organic molecules. He is best known for Hückel's rule and Hückel theory, which describe the stability and properties of aromatic compounds.
Erich Kretschmann is best known as a German philosopher, mathematician, and an influential figure in the fields of epistemology and the philosophy of science. He is often associated with his contributions to the understanding of mathematical and logical foundations, as well as his work addressing the relationship between science and philosophy.
Ernst Ruska was a German physicist who is best known for his pioneering work in the development of the electron microscope. Born on December 25, 1906, and passing away on May 4, 1988, Ruska's innovations laid the foundation for advances in microscopy that allowed scientists to observe structures at the nanoscale, far beyond the limits of traditional optical microscopes.
Gerhard Drolshagen may refer to a specific individual, but without additional context, it's difficult to provide precise information. If you're referring to a notable person, author, or someone in a particular field, please provide more details or context so I can assist you better. If it's a lesser-known figure or a fictional character, more information would help as well.
As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, Gerhard Harig is not a widely recognized figure in public discourse, academia, or notable global events. It is possible that he is a private individual or a lesser-known professional in a specific field, or he may have gained recognition after my last update.
Frank Steglich is a prominent German physicist known for his research in condensed matter physics, particularly in the fields of magnetism and superconductivity. He is often associated with the discovery of new materials and phenomena in these areas.
Friedrich Hund (1896–1997) was a German physicist known for his contributions to quantum mechanics and atomic physics. He is best remembered for Hund's rules, which are important in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy. These rules help predict the term symbols and the ground state of multi-electron atoms by considering the effects of electron spin and orbital angular momentum.
Fritz Houtermans was a Dutch physicist and chemist who made significant contributions to the fields of nuclear physics and chemistry. Born on March 5, 1903, in the Netherlands, Houtermans is well-known for his work in the early development of quantum mechanics and for his research related to nuclear reactions and the processes involved in stellar nucleosynthesis. One of his notable contributions was in the area of the theory of nuclear reactions, specifically in understanding how elements are formed in stars.
Pascual Jordan (1902–1980) was a prominent German theoretical physicist known for his significant contributions to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. He is recognized for his work on the formulation of quantum mechanics and for being one of the co-developers of the Jordan–Wigner transformation, which is a method used in quantum statistical mechanics and quantum information theory.
Georg Joos is not a widely known figure, but he is recognized in the field of physics, particularly for his contributions to the study of optics and the understanding of electromagnetic fields. He is often associated with the "Joos formalism," which is linked to quantum field theory and the foundations of quantum mechanics.
Artificial Life is a scientific journal that focuses on the study and exploration of artificial life, a field that examines the synthesis and understanding of life-like processes and phenomena through computational and robotics methods. The journal publishes original research articles, reviews, and interdisciplinary studies that encompass aspects of biology, computer science, evolution, and systems theory, among others.
Gerhard Borrmann is a notable figure in the field of computer science, specifically known for his contributions to the areas of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and geometry processing in architecture and engineering. He has authored several publications and works primarily in the intersection of computer science and architecture, helping advance methods for digital building modeling and visualization. For more specific information or recent developments about him, it would be helpful to refer to academic databases or his professional publications.
Hans-Jürgen Treder was a German physicist known for his contributions to the fields of theoretical physics and relativity. He is notably recognized for his work on topics such as general relativity, cosmology, and theoretical gravitational physics. His research often delved into the fundamental aspects of spacetime and the nature of gravitational interactions. Treder also authored several publications, helping to advance the understanding of these complex concepts in the field of physics.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 2.
    You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either https://OurBigBook.com or as a static website
    .
    Figure 3.
    Visual Studio Code extension installation
    .
    Figure 4.
    Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation
    .
    Figure 5.
    Web editor
    . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
    Video 4.
    OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo
    . Source.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact