The World Jigsaw Puzzle Championships is an annual competitive event that brings together puzzle enthusiasts from around the globe to compete in assembling jigsaw puzzles under timed conditions. Established in 2002, this championship typically involves teams or individuals racing against the clock to complete a specified jigsaw puzzle as quickly as possible. Participants are usually given a standard puzzle, and the competition is often structured in heats leading to a final where the fastest teams or individuals compete for titles and prizes.

"On Numbers and Games" is a book written by mathematician John H. Conway, published in 2001. The work delves into the field of combinatorial game theory, exploring how games can be analyzed mathematically. Conway introduces concepts such as surreal numbers and various types of games, including impartial games (where the allowed moves depend only on the state of the game and not on which player's turn it is) and partisan games (where the allowed moves depend on whose turn it is).

As of my last update in October 2021, there is no widely recognized figure or subject specifically known as "Yuri Trushin." It's possible that he may be a private individual, a lesser-known person, or a figure who has gained prominence after that date. If you are referring to a specific context or field (like science, sports, art, etc.

Conway notation is a system used in knot theory to represent knots and links. It was introduced by mathematician John Horton Conway in the 1960s. The notation provides a way to describe the structure of a knot through a sequence of symbols that represent crossings and their order. In Conway notation, the basic idea is to represent a knot using a sequence of letters and numbers that correspond to the crossings that occur when the knot is drawn on a plane.

The Von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem is a fundamental concept in decision theory and economics, particularly in the context of expected utility theory. It provides a framework for individuals to make rational choices under uncertainty. ### Key Elements of the Theorem: 1. **Rational Preferences**: The theorem assumes that individuals have preferences over risky prospects (lotteries) that can be represented in a consistent manner.

John Horton Conway was a distinguished mathematician known for his work in various fields, including combinatorial game theory, geometry, and number theory. Several concepts, theorems, and objects in mathematics and related fields have been named after him. Here is a list of some noteworthy items named after John Horton Conway: 1. **Conway's Game of Life**: A cellular automaton devised by Conway, which simulates the evolution of patterns based on simple rules.

As of my last update in October 2021, there isn't widely known information or significant public recognition of an individual named Gilbert Mair in connection with trading or finance. It is possible that he is a private trader or a less publicly recognized figure in the trading community, or he may have gained prominence after my last update.

Property-owning democracy is a political and economic concept that promotes the idea that a democratic society should ensure that all its citizens have access to property, particularly in the form of capital assets, which can provide individuals with economic independence and security. The idea is rooted in the belief that widespread property ownership can lead to a more equitable distribution of wealth and promote political participation and social stability. The concept is often associated with philosopher and economist John Rawls, particularly as articulated in his later works.

The social contract is a philosophical concept that explores the origins of societal organization and the legitimacy of political authority. It posits that individuals in a society collectively agree to form a government or state in order to ensure their mutual protection and welfare. This agreement often involves individuals relinquishing certain freedoms in exchange for security and the benefits of living in an organized community.

The IEEE John von Neumann Medal is an award established by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) to recognize outstanding achievements in the fields of computer and systems science and engineering. Named after the renowned mathematician and computer scientist John von Neumann, the medal honors individuals who have made significant contributions to the advancement of computing and related technologies.

John von Neumann, a pioneering mathematician and scientist, received numerous awards and honors throughout his career in recognition of his significant contributions to mathematics, computer science, and other fields. Here are some notable awards and honors associated with John von Neumann: 1. **National Medal of Science** (1963) - Awarded posthumously to recognize his contributions to science and technology.

**United States v. Texas (2021)** is a significant case concerning immigration policy that reached the U.S. Supreme Court. It primarily addressed a challenge brought by the state of Texas and other states against the Biden administration's attempts to rescind the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP), also known as the "Remain in Mexico" policy.

Judicial activism in India refers to the proactive role of the judiciary in interpreting and upholding the law, particularly when it comes to protecting fundamental rights and ensuring justice. This concept contrasts with judicial restraint, where courts may avoid making decisions that could be seen as overstepping their boundaries or interfering with the functions of the legislature or executive.

Algebraic K-theory is a branch of mathematics that studies algebraic structures through the lens of certain generalized "dimensions." It is particularly concerned with the properties of rings and modules, and it provides tools to analyze and classify them. The foundation of algebraic K-theory lies in the concept of projective modules over rings, which can be seen as generalizations of vector spaces over fields.

The Farrell–Jones conjecture is a significant conjecture in the field of algebraic K-theory and geometric topology, particularly in the study of group actions and their associated topological spaces. It primarily concerns the relationship between the K-theory of a group and the K-theory of its classifying space, often expressed in terms of the assembly map.

KK-theory is a branch of algebraic topology that extends K-theory, which is a mathematical framework used to study vector bundles and their properties. Specifically, KK-theory was developed by the mathematician G. W. Lawson and is associated with the study of non-commutative geometry and operator algebras. At its core, KK-theory deals with the classification of certain types of topological spaces and their associated non-commutative spaces.

The Steinberg symbol is a mathematical object used in the study of algebraic groups and representation theory. It is particularly associated with the representation of the group of p-adic points of a reductive group over a local field. The Steinberg symbol is generally denoted as \( \{x, y\} \) for elements \( x \) and \( y \) in a group, and it captures certain aspects of the cohomology of the group.

Topological K-theory is a branch of mathematics that studies vector bundles over topological spaces through the lens of homotopy theory. It arises in both algebraic topology and functional analysis and is a fundamental concept in modern mathematics, bridging several areas, including geometry, representation theory, and mathematical physics. The main idea behind K-theory is to classify vector bundles (or more generally, modules over topological spaces) up to stable isomorphism.

Quadrisecant is a term that typically refers to a numerical method used for finding roots of equations. It is a specific type of secant method that operates using a modified approach to accommodate the scenarios where more than two points are available or necessary. In the context of numerical methods, the secant method itself approximates the roots of a function by using two initial guesses and forming a secant line.