The Teller-Ulam design is a foundational concept in nuclear weapon design that describes a configuration for thermonuclear weapons, commonly known as hydrogen bombs. The design was developed in the early 1950s and is named after its principal architects, physicist Edward Teller and mathematician Stanislaw Ulam. ### Historical Context 1. **Early Nuclear Weapons (1940s)**: The first nuclear weapons, developed during World War II under the Manhattan Project, were fission bombs (atomic bombs).

A boosted fission weapon is a type of nuclear weapon that enhances the yield of its fission reaction through the use of a small amount of fusion fuel. In a typical fission bomb, the energy released comes primarily from nuclear fission, which is the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei (such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239) into lighter nuclei, releasing energy in the process.

The Statistics Online Computational Resource (SOCR) is an educational initiative that provides a platform for teaching and learning statistics through interactive computational tools. It offers a variety of resources, including: 1. **Interactive Tools**: SOCR provides tools for simulations, visualizations, and computational statistics that make it easier for students and educators to explore statistical concepts. 2. **Educational Resources**: The platform includes lessons, tutorials, and activities designed to help users understand statistical methods and concepts.

RSA vs Diffie-Hellman key exchange are the dominant public-key cryptography systems as of 2020, so it is natural to ask how they compare:

As its name indicates, Diffie-Hellman key exchange is a key exchange algorithm. TODO verify: this means that in order to transmit a message, both parties must first send data to one another to reach a shared secret key. For RSA on the other hand, you can just take the public key of the other party and send encrypted data to them, the receiver does not need to send you any data at any point.

StatCrunch is a web-based statistical software that provides tools for data analysis, visualization, and statistical computation. It is widely used in education, particularly in statistics and data science courses, to help students and researchers analyze data in an interactive and user-friendly environment. Key features of StatCrunch include: 1. **Data Analysis**: Users can upload their own datasets or use built-in datasets for analysis. It offers various statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, hypothesis tests, regression analysis, and more.

Prodigy Education is an educational technology company that provides a math-focused learning platform for students in grades 1 through 8. The platform uses games and adaptive learning technology to make math engaging and accessible for children. Prodigy's main product is a free online game that incorporates curriculum-aligned math content, allowing students to practice their skills in an interactive and gamified environment. Teachers and parents can use Prodigy to track student progress, assess learning goals, and customize learning experiences.

Answers suggest hat you basically pick a random large odd number, and add 2 to it until your selected primality test passes.

The prime number theorem tells us that the probability that a number between 1 and $N$ is a prime number is $1/log(N)$.

Therefore, for an N-bit integer, we only have to run the test N times on average to find a prime.

Since say, A 512-bit integer is already humongous and sufficiently large, we would only need to search 512 times on average even for such sizes, and therefore the procedure scales well.

NetTutor is an online tutoring service designed to provide students with access to academic support in a variety of subjects. It typically offers features such as live tutoring sessions with qualified tutors, on-demand homework help, and resources for specific subjects like math, science, writing, and more. NetTutor is often integrated into educational institutions' platforms, allowing students to easily access tutoring services as part of their course resources.

Microsoft Math Solver is a tool developed by Microsoft that helps users solve mathematical problems and equations. It utilizes artificial intelligence and machine learning to provide step-by-step solutions for a wide variety of math topics, including algebra, calculus, statistics, and more. Users can input problems by typing them directly, using handwritten input (via a touchscreen or stylus), or by scanning printed math problems using their smartphone camera.

Software that maps higher level languages like Qiskit into actual quantum circuits.

Once upon a time, when Ciro worked at a company, one day the company decided to give everyone a 20% raise.

The likely reason was that Apple was coming to town, and was sucking the fuck out of the company's talent.

Nothing ever drove it so clearly into Ciro's heart the obvious fact that even for skilled jobs, companies don't pay you what you're worth. They pay you as little as possible so you won't quit to join someone else. It is pure market forces in play.

The annoying thing is that people are highly non-fungible, so much like painting auctions, you can only estimate your price by putting yourself on auction and seeing what people will pay for you, i.e. interviewing for new jobs.

Another point is that people have all sorts of stupid restrictions such as not wanting to work on certain areas for moral reasons, or not wanting to move away from a certain area they like. Companies will of course readily exploit such weakness to be able to pay less. Silly non-rational beings.

Maha Ashour-Abdalla is a well-known educator and expert in the field of mathematics, particularly recognized for her contributions to mathematics education and the development of teaching methodologies that enhance learning outcomes. She has been involved in various initiatives aimed at improving mathematics teaching and learning, often focusing on innovative strategies to engage students and educators alike.

Matita is a digital tool designed for various educational purposes, primarily focusing on interactive learning experiences. It allows educators to create content that can be used in classrooms, enhancing student engagement through tools like interactive exercises, quizzes, and multimedia resources. Matita often emphasizes usability and accessibility, catering to diverse learning styles. It's worth noting that specific functionalities and features of Matita can vary based on its latest developments and updates.

Elliptic curve point addition is the group operation of an elliptic curve group, i.e. it is a function that takes two points of an elliptic curve as input, and returns a third point of the elliptic curve as its output, while obeying the group axioms.

The operation is defined e.g. at en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elliptic_curve_point_multiplication&oldid=1168754060#Point_operations. For example, consider the most common case for two different points different. If the two points are given in coordinates:then the addition is defined in the general case as:with some slightly different definitions for point doubling $P+P$ and the identity point.

This definition relies only on operations that we know how to do on arbitrary fields:and it therefore works for elliptic curves defined over any field.

Just remember that:means:and that $y^{-1}$ always exists because it is the inverse element, which is guaranteed to exist for multiplication due to the group axioms it obeys.

The group function is usually called elliptic curve point addition, and repeated addition as done for DHKE is called elliptic curve point multiplication.

Mathspace is an educational platform designed to help students learn and practice mathematics through an interactive and adaptive online environment. The platform typically includes features such as step-by-step problem-solving, personalized learning paths, and real-time feedback, allowing students to work at their own pace and receive guidance as they tackle various math concepts. Mathspace aims to make math more engaging and accessible, often integrating multimedia resources, interactive exercises, and assessments.

TODO how close does it get to Shannon's limit?

Setting: you are sending bits through a communication channel, each bit has a random probability of getting flipped, and so you use some error correction code to achieve some minimal error, at the expense of longer messages.

This theorem sets an upper bound on how efficient you can be in your encoding, for any encoding.

The next big question, which the theorem does not cover is how to construct codes that reach or approach the limit. Important such codes include:

But besides this, there is also the practical consideration of if you can encode/decode fast enough to keep up with the coded bandwidth given your hardware capabilities.

news.mit.edu/2010/gallager-codes-0121 explains how turbo codes were first reached without a very good mathematical proof behind them, but were still revolutionary in experimental performance, e.g. turbo codes were used in 3G/4G.

But this motivated researchers to find other such algorithms that they would be able to prove things about, and so they rediscovered the much earlier low-density parity-check code, which had been published in the 60's but was forgotten, partially because it was computationally expensive.

Maths Pathway is an educational program designed to enhance mathematics learning in primary and secondary school contexts. It focuses on personalized learning pathways for students, enabling them to engage with mathematical concepts at their own pace and level. The program typically employs a combination of adaptive learning technologies, curriculum resources, and teacher support to tailor the learning experience to individual student needs.

"Xavier Buff" doesn’t appear to have a widely recognized meaning or reference in popular culture, technology, or other common fields as of my last training cut-off in October 2023. It may refer to a specific individual, a niche concept, or perhaps a term that has emerged more recently.