Register transfer level is the abstraction level at which computer chips are mostly designed.
The only two truly relevant RTL languages as of 2020 are: Verilog and VHDL. Everything else compiles to those, because that's all that EDA vendors support.
Much like a C compiler abstracts away the CPU assembly to:
- increase portability across ISAs
- do optimizations that programmers can't feasibly do without going crazy
It also has serious applications obviously. www.sympy.org/scipy-2017-codegen-tutorial/ mentions code generation capabilities, which sounds super cool!
Let's start with some basics. fractions:outputs:Note that this is an exact value, it does not get converted to floating-point numbers where precision could be lost!
from sympy import *
sympify(2)/3 + sympify(1)/27/6We can also do everything with symbols:outputs:We can now evaluate that expression object at any time:outputs:
from sympy import *
x, y = symbols('x y')
expr = x/3 + y/2
print(expr)x/3 + y/2expr.subs({x: 1, y: 2})4/3How about a square root?outputs:so we understand that the value was kept without simplification. And of course:outputs outputs:gives:
x = sqrt(2)
print(x)sqrt(2)sqrt(2)**22. Also:sqrt(-1)II is the imaginary unit. We can use that symbol directly as well, e.g.:I*I-1Let's do some trigonometry:gives:and:gives:The exponential also works:gives;
cos(pi)-1cos(pi/4)sqrt(2)/2exp(I*pi)-1Now for some calculus. To find the derivative of the natural logarithm:outputs:Just read that. One over x. Beauty. And now for some integration:outputs:OK.
from sympy import *
x = symbols('x')
print(diff(ln(x), x))1/xprint(integrate(1/x, x))log(x)Let's do some more. Let's solve a simple differential equation:Doing:outputs:which means:To be fair though, it can't do anything crazy, it likely just goes over known patterns that it has solvers for, e.g. if we change it to:it just blows up:Sad.
y''(t) - 2y'(t) + y(t) = sin(t)from sympy import *
x = symbols('x')
f, g = symbols('f g', cls=Function)
diffeq = Eq(f(x).diff(x, x) - 2*f(x).diff(x) + f(x), sin(x)**4)
print(dsolve(diffeq, f(x)))Eq(f(x), (C1 + C2*x)*exp(x) + cos(x)/2)diffeq = Eq(f(x).diff(x, x)**2 + f(x), 0)NotImplementedError: solve: Cannot solve f(x) + Derivative(f(x), (x, 2))**2Let's try some polynomial equations:which outputs:which is a not amazingly nice version of the quadratic formula. Let's evaluate with some specific constants after the fact:which outputsLet's see if it handles the quartic equation:Something comes out. It takes up the entire terminal. Naughty. And now let's try to mess with it:and this time it spits out something more magic:Oh well.
from sympy import *
x, a, b, c = symbols('x a b c d e f')
eq = Eq(a*x**2 + b*x + c, 0)
sol = solveset(eq, x)
print(sol)FiniteSet(-b/(2*a) - sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2)/(2*a), -b/(2*a) + sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2)/(2*a))sol.subs({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3})FiniteSet(-1 + sqrt(2)*I, -1 - sqrt(2)*I)x, a, b, c, d, e, f = symbols('x a b c d e f')
eq = Eq(e*x**4 + d*x**3 + c*x**2 + b*x + a, 0)
solveset(eq, x)x, a, b, c, d, e, f = symbols('x a b c d e f')
eq = Eq(f*x**5 + e*x**4 + d*x**3 + c*x**2 + b*x + a, 0)
solveset(eq, x)ConditionSet(x, Eq(a + b*x + c*x**2 + d*x**3 + e*x**4 + f*x**5, 0), Complexes)Let's try some linear algebra.Let's invert it:outputs:
m = Matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])m**-1Matrix([
[ -2, 1],
[3/2, -1/2]])Learned readers will ask themselves: so why use an unbalanced tree instead of balanced one, which offers better asymptotic times en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree?
CondoSat is a satellite communication service that offers broadband connectivity primarily for residential condominiums and apartment buildings. It provides high-speed internet access and other communication services by utilizing satellite technology, which can be especially beneficial in areas where traditional broadband infrastructure is limited or unavailable. CondoSat aims to address the needs of residents in multi-unit dwellings by providing reliable and consistent internet service, often with options for personalized packages and features suited to the lifestyle of condominium living.
An interplanetary dust cloud refers to the region of space within our solar system that contains tiny particulate matter, often referred to as interplanetary dust. This dust primarily consists of small particles, typically ranging from the size of a grain of sand down to sub-micrometer scales.
AudioOS generally refers to a specialized operating system designed for audio devices and systems. While the term can be used in different contexts, it is often associated with systems that support audio playback, recording, mixing, and other audio-related functionalities. In the context of Apple devices, "AudioOS" may informally refer to the audio-centric features of their operating systems or products, such as HomePod's system that manages audio functions and integrates with Siri for voice commands.
In computing, "2001" can refer to a number of different things, depending on the context: 1. **2001: A Space Odyssey**: This iconic science fiction film directed by Stanley Kubrick and based on a story by Arthur C. Clarke is notable for its depiction of artificial intelligence and space exploration. The film has had a significant influence on computing, particularly in terms of public perception of AI and technology.
In computing, "2004" can refer to several things, depending on the context: 1. **Operating System Releases**: 2004 saw the release of several significant operating systems and software updates. For example, Microsoft released Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) in August 2004, which included important security enhancements. 2. **Programming Languages and Frameworks**: In 2004, the programming language Python released version 2.
In computing, "2009" could refer to a number of things depending on the context. Here are a few notable events, technologies, and releases from that year: 1. **Windows 7 Release**: Microsoft released Windows 7 in October 2009. This operating system was praised for its performance improvements and user-friendly interface compared to its predecessor, Windows Vista.
The 2010s were a significant decade for robotics, marked by advancements in technology, research, and the increased application of robotics across various industries. Here are some key trends and developments in robotics during that period: 1. **Advancements in AI and Machine Learning**: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning greatly enhanced the capabilities of robots, allowing for more autonomous behavior, improved perception, and better decision-making. Robotics systems became better at tasks such as image and speech recognition.
The term "2021 in computing" could refer to various events, trends, or developments in the computing world during the year 2021. Here are some notable trends and events from that year: 1. **COVID-19 Impact**: The ongoing pandemic continued to influence the tech industry, driving the adoption of remote work technologies, online collaboration tools, and cybersecurity measures.
As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, "2025 in computing" could refer to various future trends, anticipated developments, or projections about technology, but it is not explicitly tied to a specific event or technology.
Sony Corporation, a multinational conglomerate based in Japan, has a rich history that dates back to its founding in 1946. Here’s an overview of the company’s key developments over the decades: ### 1940s: Founding - **Founding**: Sony was founded on May 7, 1946, as Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita in a small radio repair shop in Tokyo, Japan.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 4. Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation.
Figure 5. Web editor. You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.Video 4. OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo. Source. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact