Diffraction tomography is an imaging technique used to reconstruct the internal structure of an object from scattered waves, typically electromagnetic waves (like light or X-rays) or acoustic waves (like sound). The method is closely associated with the principles of diffraction, which describes how waves bend around obstacles and spread out after passing through narrow openings. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Scattered Waves**: When waves encounter an object, they can scatter in various directions depending on the object's properties.

In particle physics, a "soft photon" refers to a type of photon that has relatively low energy and, as a result, long wavelength. The term is often used in the context of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and scattering processes. Soft photons are particularly relevant in discussions about radiation emitted during high-energy processes, such as the collisions of charged particles.

Space exploration is the investigation and study of outer space through the use of space technology, such as spacecraft, satellites, telescopes, and rovers. It encompasses a variety of activities aimed at understanding celestial bodies, the universe, and the phenomena within it.

The Bogotá Declaration refers to a formal agreement made in Bogotá, Colombia, on September 6, 2021, during the International Conference on Sustainable Development and Health. This declaration emphasized the importance of sustainable urban development and public health, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its long-term impacts on cities and communities.

The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is a magnetic field that permeates the space between planets in our solar system. It is primarily carried by the solar wind, which is a stream of charged particles (mainly electrons and protons) emitted by the Sun. The IMF is a manifestation of the solar magnetic field as it extends outward from the Sun into interplanetary space.

A variable buoyancy pressure vessel is a type of underwater vehicle or system specifically designed to control its buoyancy and, consequently, its depth in a fluid, typically water. The key feature of such a vessel is its ability to adjust its buoyancy dynamically, allowing it to ascend or descend in the water column without the need for propulsion.

Windpumps, also known as wind-driven pumps or windmill pumps, are devices that use wind energy to pump water. They have been used for centuries, particularly in agricultural and rural settings, to access groundwater and provide irrigation or drinking water. ### Key Features of Windpumps: 1. **Mechanism**: The basic design typically includes a rotor (or windmill) that captures wind energy, which is then converted into mechanical energy to drive a pumping mechanism.

Archimedes' screw is an ancient device used for raising water, attributed to the Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes of Syracuse. It consists of a helical screw enclosed in a cylindrical casing. When the screw is turned, typically by turning a crank or other mechanical means, water is lifted from a lower level to a higher level. The design features a spiral thread wrapped around a central rod or axle.

A boiler feedwater pump is a type of pump used to supply water to a steam boiler. The main purpose of the feedwater pump is to deliver water to the boiler at high pressure, ensuring that the boiler can generate steam efficiently and effectively for various applications, such as power generation, heating, and industrial processes.

An electromagnetic pump is a type of pump that uses electromagnetic forces to move conductive liquids or slurries. These pumps operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are commonly used in applications involving molten metals, electrolytes, and other conductive fluids. ### Working Principle: The basic operation of an electromagnetic pump involves the following key components: 1. **Conductive Fluid**: The fluid being pumped must be electrically conductive, such as molten metals (e.g., aluminum, zinc) or electrochemical solutions.

A fire pump is a part of a fire protection system that is designed to move water or other fire suppression agents through a system of pipes to extinguish or control a fire. Fire pumps are critical in providing the necessary water pressure and flow rate for firefighting efforts, especially in locations where the municipal water supply is insufficient or unavailable.

"Honda pumps" typically refer to a range of water pumps manufactured by Honda, a well-known Japanese company recognized for its engines and machinery. Honda produces various types of pumps, including: 1. **Portable Water Pumps**: These are designed for general water transfer applications, such as draining pools, moving water for irrigation, or general cleanup tasks.

The Quasiturbine is a type of rotary engine that was developed as an alternative to traditional internal combustion engines. It was invented by French engineer Michel Pêne in the 1990s. The Quasiturbine operates based on a novel design that aims to provide high efficiency, reduced emissions, and improved power output compared to conventional piston engines.

A submersible pump is a type of pump designed to be submerged in a liquid, typically water. It consists of a motor and a pump body that are enclosed in a single housing. Submersible pumps are used to move fluids from lower to higher elevations, and they operate by pushing the fluid to the surface rather than pulling it, which is advantageous for lifting liquids over long distances or to considerable heights.

Szczecin pumps refer to a specific type of pumping equipment or system, but it could also refer to a brand or a product associated with the city of Szczecin, Poland. Szczecin is known for various industries, including shipbuilding and maritime activities, which may involve pumps used in shipping, water management, or other industrial applications.

Ecological robots, often referred to as "eco-robots," are autonomous or semi-autonomous robotic systems designed to monitor, manage, and restore ecological environments. Their primary purpose is to assist in tasks related to environmental conservation, agriculture, and sustainability. Here are some key aspects of ecological robots: 1. **Environmental Monitoring**: Eco-robots can collect data on various environmental parameters, such as air and water quality, soil conditions, and biodiversity.

The regulation of robots refers to the legal, ethical, and operational frameworks that govern the design, development, deployment, and use of robotic systems. As robotics technology advances and becomes more integrated into various sectors like healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, and even domestic environments, regulatory oversight is increasingly important to ensure safety, liability, ethical considerations, and societal impacts.

"Robots by country" typically refers to the number and distribution of robots deployed in various countries, which can include industrial robots, service robots, and other types of automated machinery. The statistics on robots can vary based on factors like industrialization, economic development, and technology adoption in various regions.

Sports robots are robotic systems designed to participate in, assist with, or enhance various aspects of sports and athletic activities. These robots can take on a wide range of forms and functions, which may include: 1. **Robotic Athletes**: Some robots are designed to compete in sports, showcasing advanced engineering and programming. Examples include robot soccer players, race cars, or even humanoid robots designed for specific sports.

Uncrewed vehicles, also known as unmanned vehicles, are vehicles that operate without a human presence on board. These vehicles can be remotely controlled or operate autonomously through pre-programmed instructions or artificial intelligence. Uncrewed vehicles can be categorized into several types, including: 1. **Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)**: Commonly known as drones, these vehicles are used for various applications, including aerial photography, surveillance, agricultural monitoring, and delivery services.