In classical mechanics, various equations describe the motion and behavior of objects under the influence of forces. Here’s a list of fundamental equations and concepts commonly encountered: ### Newton's Laws of Motion 1. **First Law (Inertia)**: An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same velocity unless acted upon by a net external force.

Busemann's theorem pertains to the theory of hyperbolic geometry, particularly concerning the existence of geodesics and the nature of parallel lines in hyperbolic space. The theorem can often be stated in the context of Busemann functions, which are used to analyze the asymptotic behavior of geodesics in hyperbolic spaces.

Voice leading is a musical concept that refers to the way individual musical lines or voices (often referred to as "parts") move from one note to the next, particularly in the context of harmonic progressions. It is an essential aspect of counterpoint, composition, and arranging, as it deals with the horizontal aspect of music—how melodies interact with each other over time. Key principles of voice leading include: 1. **Smoothness**: The goal is often to create smooth transitions between notes.

Expressive timing refers to the variations in tempo and rhythm that musicians use to enhance the emotional impact and interpretative depth of a piece of music. Rather than adhering strictly to a metronomic beat, performers may slightly accelerate or decelerate certain passages, emphasize specific notes, or use pauses (fermata) to convey feelings and moods more effectively. This practice can add a personal touch to a performance, allowing the musician to communicate their interpretation of the music more compellingly.

Koomey's Law is an observation regarding the energy efficiency of computing systems, named after the researcher Jonathan Koomey. It posits that the number of computations that can be performed per kilowatt-hour of electricity used by a computing system doubles approximately every 1.5 years. This trend highlights the exponential improvement in the energy efficiency of computer processors and systems over time, reflecting advancements in technology, design, and manufacturing processes.

A "silent butler" is a small, typically elegant receptacle used to keep and transport crumbs, small waste, or leftover food from a dining table. It is designed to discreetly gather these items without making a mess and is often made from materials like wood, metal, or ceramic. The term often refers to a device that has a hinged or removable top to allow for easy access and cleaning.

Georg Kreisel (1925–2020) was a notable Austrian philosopher, mathematician, and logician, recognized for his contributions to the philosophy of mathematics and the foundations of mathematics. He is especially known for his work on proof theory and the development of formal systems. Kreisel's research explored the interplay between mathematical logic, intuitionism, and constructivism.

The term "Argentine information theorists" typically refers to researchers and scholars from Argentina who have made significant contributions to the field of information theory. Information theory, which was founded by Claude Shannon in the mid-20th century, deals with the quantification, storage, and communication of information. It has applications in various fields, including telecommunications, data compression, coding theory, and machine learning.

Evgeny Yakovlevich Remez (often referred to as Eugene Remez) is known for his contributions to mathematics, particularly in the areas of approximation theory and functional analysis. He is well-regarded for the Remez algorithm, which is a numerical method used for polynomial approximation of functions. The algorithm is significant in the field of numerical analysis and has applications in various areas such as engineering and computer science.

Al-Isfahani generally refers to a notable historical figure or figures associated with the city of Isfahan in Iran. One prominent example is Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, a 10th-century Persian scholar, musician, and literary figure known for his work in compiling and preserving Arabic poetry.

Al-Isfizari, also known as Al-Isfizari or Al-Isfizari al-Gharnati, was a prominent Muslim scholar, astronomer, and mathematician who lived during the Islamic Golden Age, particularly around the 11th century. His contributions are noted particularly in the fields of astronomy and horology (the study and measurement of time). He is primarily known for authoring influential works and texts that contributed to the astronomical knowledge of his time.