Fake news refers to misinformation or disinformation presented in the format of news articles or reports, which are intended to mislead, deceive, or manipulate readers. It can take various forms, including completely fabricated stories, manipulated images, or sensationalized reports that distort the truth. There are two primary categories of fake news: 1. **Misinformation**: This involves the unintentional spread of false information, differing from disinformation in that it is not necessarily intended to deceive.

A signature block is a section at the end of an email, document, or letter that contains information about the author or sender. It typically includes the sender's name, title or position, company or organization name, contact information (such as phone number or email address), and sometimes additional details like company logo, social media links, or website URL. In emails, signature blocks help recipients identify the sender, and they can also serve as a professional finishing touch.

Nettime is an online community and mailing list that focuses on discussions of digital culture, politics, and technology. Founded in 1995, it serves as a platform for activists, artists, academics, and other thinkers to share ideas, critique contemporary issues related to the internet and technology, and explore the implications of digital media on society. Members engage in discussions ranging from internet art, cyberpolitics, to the effects of technology on social relations.

A "thirst trap" is a term often used on social media to describe a provocative or sexually suggestive photo or video that someone posts to attract attention, likes, or compliments, often from romantic or sexual interest. The idea is that the content is designed to provoke a strong response or show off one's physical attractiveness.

A Geographic Top-Level Domain (geoTLD) is a specific type of top-level domain (TLD) that is associated with a particular geographic location, such as a country, region, or city. GeoTLDs are typically used to signify that a website or online service is relevant to a specific geographical area, which can help local businesses reach their target audience more effectively. For example: - **.uk** is the country code TLD (ccTLD) for the United Kingdom.

Gene Spafford, commonly known as "Spaf," is a prominent computer scientist and a leading figure in the fields of cybersecurity and computer science education. He is a professor at Purdue University and has played a significant role in advancing the understanding of computer security issues. Spafford is well-known for his work in information assurance, cyber policy, and the ethical implications of computing. He has also been involved in various projects and has contributed to the development of security tools and best practices.

Raymond Spencer Rodgers is a contemporary artist known for his work in various mediums, including painting, sculpture, and installation. He often explores themes related to identity, culture, and the human experience. His work may incorporate elements of abstraction, and he often uses vibrant colors and dynamic forms to engage viewers.

Sandy Lerner is an American entrepreneur and venture capitalist, best known for her role as a co-founder of Cisco Systems, a leading technology company known for its networking hardware and software. Lerner played a significant part in the early development of Cisco, which was founded in 1984. In addition to her work at Cisco, she has been involved in various entrepreneurial and philanthropic endeavors. After leaving Cisco, Lerner focused on her interests in education and agribusiness.

The geometry of complex numbers is a way to visually represent complex numbers using the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, often referred to as the complex plane or Argand plane. In this representation, each complex number can be expressed in the form: \[ z = a + bi \] where \(a\) is the real part, \(b\) is the imaginary part, and \(i\) is the imaginary unit, defined as \(i^2 = -1\).

CLIC5 (Chloride Intracellular Channel 5) is a protein that is part of the CLIC (Chloride Intracellular Channel) family. These proteins are known for their role in cellular chloride ion transport and signaling. CLIC5, in particular, has been implicated in various physiological processes, including cell volume regulation, muscle contraction, and potentially playing a role in certain diseases.

Gating in electrophysiology refers to the process by which ion channels (proteins embedded in cell membranes that allow ions to pass through) open or close in response to specific stimuli. This process is crucial for the generation and propagation of electrical signals in neurons, muscle cells, and other excitable tissues. There are several types of gating mechanisms, including: 1. **Voltage Gating**: This type of gating occurs in response to changes in membrane potential.

HCN3 refers to one of the subtypes of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels, which are primarily responsible for generating the "pacemaker" currents in various cells, especially in the heart and brain. These channels are activated by hyperpolarization and are modulated by cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP.

KCNMB2 (Potassium Calcium-Activated Channel Subfamily M Beta 2) is a gene that encodes a protein involved in the functioning of calcium-dependent potassium channels. These channels are crucial for various physiological processes, including the regulation of smooth muscle contraction and neuronal excitability. The KCNMB2 protein acts as a beta subunit of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels.

"TIMED" can refer to a couple of different things depending on the context: 1. **TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics)**: This refers to a NASA mission launched in 2001 aimed at studying the dynamics of the upper atmosphere, specifically the thermosphere and ionosphere. The TIMED satellite was designed to measure atmospheric temperature, density, and other parameters to improve our understanding of these regions and how they interact with solar and terrestrial phenomena.

A Duoplasmatron is a type of ion source used primarily in the field of mass spectrometry and ion beam technology. It is designed to produce a well-defined beam of ions, often for applications such as material analysis, ion implantation, and surface modification. The Duoplasmatron operates by creating a plasma from a gas (typically a noble gas like argon) using an electric arc. This plasma consists of charged particles, including ions and electrons.

Muthana State Establishment, also known as Muthana or Muthanna, is a historical and political entity within the context of Iraq. The term typically refers to a local government or administrative region in the Muthanna Governorate, located in southern Iraq. The governorate has been associated with various historical developments and political events. Muthanna is also known for its archaeological significance and historical sites. The region has been the site of various civilizations throughout history, contributing to its cultural heritage.

The United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) was established in 1991 following the Gulf War to oversee the disarmament of Iraq, particularly concerning its weapons of mass destruction (WMD) program, including chemical, biological, and missile capabilities. The commission was created in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 687, which mandated Iraq to eliminate its WMD and prohibited it from developing such weapons in the future.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, Brendan Scaife is likely known as a professional poker player and a prominent figure in the poker community. He has gained recognition for his skills in various poker formats, particularly in tournaments. Scaife is noted for his strategic approach to the game and has participated in numerous competitive events.

Negative liberty, often contrasted with positive liberty, refers to the absence of interference from others, particularly from the government or authority figures. It is the idea that individuals are free when they are not subjected to coercion or restraint in their actions. Essentially, negative liberty focuses on the freedoms that exist when individuals are allowed to pursue their own choices and actions without external hindrances. The concept is associated with classical liberalism and philosophers such as John Stuart Mill and Isaiah Berlin.

Chaim L. Pekeris was a prominent mathematician and physicist known for his contributions to various fields, including applied mathematics and geophysics. He was particularly renowned for his work in fluid dynamics, mathematical physics, and wave propagation. Pekeris made significant advancements in areas such as oceanography, seismology, and the study of elastic waves in the Earth’s crust.