The Relative Index of Inequality (RII) is a measure used in public health, social sciences, and economics to evaluate and compare the distribution of resources, health outcomes, or other variables of interest across different socio-economic groups. It is particularly useful for assessing health disparities. The RII is calculated based on the cumulative distribution of a population arranged by socio-economic status, often measured through income, education level, or social class.

An echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF) is a small bright spot observed on an ultrasound of a fetus's heart, typically during the second trimester of pregnancy. It appears as a highly reflective area within the heart and is generally located in the left ventricle or the interventricular septum. EIFs are considered a normal variant of cardiac anatomy and occur in a small percentage of pregnancies, often seen in about 5-10% of fetal echocardiograms.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Biomicroscopy is a non-invasive imaging technique used primarily in ophthalmology to obtain high-resolution cross-sectional images of the eye's structures, such as the retina and the optic nerve head. This technology utilizes light waves to capture micrometer-resolution, three-dimensional images, allowing clinicians to visualize and assess various ocular conditions.

3D ultrasound is an advanced imaging technique that provides three-dimensional images of developing structures, commonly used in prenatal care to create detailed images of a fetus in the womb. Unlike traditional 2D ultrasound, which produces flat images, 3D ultrasound uses multiple 2D images taken from different angles and combines them to form a three-dimensional representation.

The Ankle–Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI or ABI) is a simple, non-invasive test used to assess peripheral artery disease (PAD) and overall cardiovascular health. It compares the blood pressure in a patient's ankle to the blood pressure in their arm.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a medical imaging technique that enhances the visualization of blood flow and tissue perfusion using ultrasound technology along with contrast agents. The contrast agents used in CEUS are typically microbubble-based, consisting of tiny gas-filled bubbles that are injected into the bloodstream. These microbubbles are designed to reflect ultrasound waves, making it easier to visualize blood vessels, organ structures, and abnormalities during the ultrasound examination.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a minimally invasive medical procedure that combines the techniques of endoscopy and ultrasound to obtain images and information about the digestive tract and surrounding tissues. It is commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, particularly in gastroenterology.

Liposuction is a cosmetic surgical procedure that removes excess fat from specific areas of the body to improve body contours and proportions. It is often performed on areas that are resistant to diet and exercise, such as the abdomen, thighs, hips, buttocks, arms, neck, and back. The procedure typically involves the following steps: 1. **Anesthesia**: Patients may receive local anesthesia, sedation, or general anesthesia, depending on the extent of the procedure and the area being treated.

Focused ultrasound-mediated diagnostics is a non-invasive medical imaging and therapeutic technique that uses focused ultrasound waves to assess and manipulate biological tissues. The technique employs high-frequency sound waves that are precisely targeted to specific areas in the body. Here are some key aspects of focused ultrasound-mediated diagnostics: 1. **Mechanism**: Focused ultrasound involves directing ultrasound waves to converge at a focal point within the body, creating a localized area of energy deposition.

Fracture sonography, also known as musculoskeletal ultrasound, is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize structures within the body, particularly bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. In the context of fractures, sonography can be used to: 1. **Detect fractures**: It can help identify certain types of fractures, particularly in children, where bones are often more pliable and may not present clearly on X-rays.

It seems there might be a slight misunderstanding in your query. You might be referring to "Louis Leon Thurstone," an influential American psychologist known for his work in psychometrics and the development of the theory of multiple intelligences and factor analysis, particularly in the study of intelligence. Thurstone is known for creating the "Thurstone scale," a method used to measure attitudes and opinions.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, John MacVicar is not a widely recognized figure in popular culture, politics, or other prominent fields. It's possible that he could refer to a private individual or an emerging figure who gained recognition after that date. There is also a possibility that it is a name used in various contexts, such as literature, academia, or regional history.

Sonophoresis is a non-invasive technique that uses ultrasound waves to enhance the delivery of drugs and other therapeutic agents through the skin and into the underlying tissues. The ultrasound waves create mechanical vibrations that temporarily increase the permeability of the skin, allowing larger molecules or hydrophilic substances to penetrate more effectively. This method is often used in dermatology and cosmetic applications to promote the absorption of certain medications, nutrients, or active ingredients, particularly in transdermal drug delivery systems.

A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is a non-invasive imaging test used to evaluate the heart's structure and function. It utilizes ultrasound technology to create live images of the heart as it beats. During the procedure, a technician or cardiologist applies a gel to the chest and uses a transducer (a handheld device) to send sound waves into the chest. These sound waves bounce off the heart and are then converted into visual images on a monitor.

Ultrasonography, often referred to as ultrasound, is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of structures within the body. When it comes to evaluating liver tumors, ultrasonography serves as a crucial diagnostic tool, offering several key advantages. ### Purpose of Ultrasonography in Liver Tumors: 1. **Detection:** Ultrasound can help identify the presence of liver tumors, including both benign and malignant lesions.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is an advanced imaging technique used primarily for the detailed examination of the anterior segment of the eye, including structures such as the cornea, iris, anterior chamber, ciliary body, and lens. It utilizes high-frequency ultrasound waves (typically ranging from 20 to 50 MHz) to generate high-resolution images of the ocular structures.

The 12th century was notable for the gradual introduction of classical knowledge in Europe, particularly the works of ancient mathematicians and scholars. While there weren't many prominent mathematicians in England during the 12th century specifically, this period was marked by significant developments in the mathematical and scientific fields, largely due to the influence of translations from Arabic and Latin texts.

The Robertsbridge Codex is a significant early manuscript of musical notation, dating from around the year 1320. It is notable for being one of the oldest surviving sources of polyphonic music, which refers to music that features multiple independent melody lines sung or played simultaneously. The codex is named after the village of Robertsbridge in Sussex, England, where it was discovered in the 19th century.

The "Selden Carol Book," also known as the "Selden Manuscript" or "MS Selden supra 30," is a significant collection of medieval English carols. It is named after its former owner, the scholar John Selden, and dates back to the late 15th century. The manuscript is notable for containing a variety of carols and musical settings that reflect the customs and celebrations associated with Christmas and other seasonal festivities during that period.

Piero della Francesca (c. 1415–1492) was an Italian painter, mathematician, and a prominent figure of the Early Renaissance. He is best known for his contributions to the art of perspective and for his use of geometric forms in painting, which distinguished him from many of his contemporaries. Piero's work is characterized by its clarity, precision, and serene quality, often featuring religious themes and portraits.