Simplex numbers, in the context of higher mathematics, typically refer to a generalization of numbers that are used to describe geometric structures known as simplices. A simplex is a generalization of a triangle or tetrahedron to arbitrary dimensions. 1. **Geometric Definition**: - A 0-simplex is a point. - A 1-simplex is a line segment connecting two points. - A 2-simplex is a triangle defined by three points (vertices).

Sonny Angel is a popular collectible figurine series created by the Japanese company, Dream Rocket. Launched in 2004, Sonny Angel features cute, doll-like characters with a distinctive design, characterized by their angelic smiles, large heads, and small bodies. Each figure typically wears a different animal or fruit-themed costume, such as a bunny, panda, or strawberry, which makes them appealing to collectors of all ages.

PeSIT, which stands for "Protocol for Efficient and Secure Information Transfer," is a protocol primarily used for transferring electronic documents securely over networks. It was designed in a way to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of the data being sent. PeSIT allows for the secure exchange of messages and files, making it suitable for environments where sensitive information needs to be transmitted, such as in the banking or legal sectors.

Casimiro del Rosario is a notable figure in the context of Filipino history and culture, specifically recognized for his contributions to arts and humanities. However, without more specific context, it's difficult to provide precise details as the name may refer to different individuals or concepts depending on the context.

In stock market terminology, a "bull" refers to an investor or trader who expects the prices of securities, such as stocks, to rise. Bulls believe that the market or specific securities will increase in value, leading them to buy securities with the expectation that they can sell them later at a higher price for a profit. This perspective often contributes to a bullish sentiment in the market, which can lead to an overall increase in stock prices.

"Limits to Arbitrage" refers to the various factors and constraints that prevent arbitrageurs from fully exploiting price discrepancies in financial markets. Arbitrage is the practice of taking advantage of price differences of the same asset in different markets or forms to make a profit. Ideally, arbitrage should eliminate price discrepancies, but several limitations can prevent this from happening effectively.

Deviation risk measures are tools used in finance and risk management to assess the variability or dispersion of returns from an expected return, and they can indicate the level of risk associated with an investment or portfolio. These measures go beyond basic metrics like mean returns by focusing on how much returns deviate from their average (mean) over a specific period. Several key concepts are related to deviation risk measures: 1. **Standard Deviation**: This is the most common measure of deviation risk.

Downside risk refers to the potential for an investment to lose value, or the chance that the actual return on an investment will be less than the expected return. It specifically focuses on negative outcomes, contrasting with broader risk assessments that also consider potential gains. Downside risk is often measured in several ways, including: 1. **Standard Deviation**: While this measure captures total risk (both upside and downside), it can be informative when assessing overall volatility.

The Two-Moment Decision Model is a framework used to understand how individuals make choices based on two key moments: the framing of the decision and the evaluation of outcomes. This model emphasizes the distinction between two separate stages in the decision-making process: 1. **First Moment (Framing):** This stage involves how a decision is presented or framed. The way information is framed can significantly affect how choices are perceived and which options are favored.

20th-century Finnish mathematicians made significant contributions to various fields within mathematics. While there are many noteworthy figures, here are a few prominent Finnish mathematicians from that era: 1. **Rolf Nevanlinna (1895-1980)**: Known for his work in complex analysis and function theory, Nevanlinna made important contributions to the theory of meromorphic functions and is well-regarded for the Nevanlinna theory, which deals with the value distribution of meromorphic functions.

The Small Arms Survey is a research project based in Geneva, Switzerland, that focuses on the global issues surrounding small arms and light weapons. Founded in 2001, the organization provides comprehensive research and analysis on the production, trade, stockpiling, and use of small arms. It aims to inform policymakers, practitioners, and the public about the impacts of small arms on security, development, and human rights.

Execution by shooting typically refers to a method of capital punishment where the condemned individual is killed by firearm discharge. This method has been used historically and is often associated with military or wartime contexts, although it has also been employed in civilian judicial executions in some countries. There are a few variations of shooting execution, including: 1. **Firing Squad**: A group of trained shooters aims at the condemned individual, usually targeting the heart or vital organs to ensure a quick death.

Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) refer to a category of firearms that includes small caliber weapons that are designed for individual use or can be used by small crews. The distinction typically includes: 1. **Small Arms**: This term generally refers to handheld firearms that can be operated by a single person. Examples include rifles, shotguns, pistols, and submachine guns.

Andrei Monin is a well-known Russian-American scientist and professor, recognized primarily for his contributions to the field of fluid dynamics. His work has advanced the understanding of various fluid-related phenomena, and he has published extensively in the area. He is also involved in the field of turbulence and has made significant contributions to theoretical and computational fluid mechanics.

Gretar Tryggvason is a notable figure in the field of fluid dynamics, particularly known for his work on numerical methods for simulating fluid flow. He is often associated with advancements in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and has contributed to developing techniques for simulating complex fluid behaviors. In addition to his research, Tryggvason has been involved in academia, having published numerous papers and studies on topics related to fluid mechanics and numerical simulations.

Edwin N. Lightfoot is known for his contributions to the field of chemistry, particularly for his work in chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics. He authored several influential texts on chemistry, including textbooks that are widely used in educational settings. Lightfoot's research has significantly impacted the understanding of mass transfer and its applications in chemical engineering.

Leo Graetz is a mathematician known for his work in the field of number theory and other areas of mathematics. He might be recognized for specific contributions to mathematical research, theories, or concepts, although detailed, widely-accepted information about him may not be as publicly accessible or prominent as that of more recognized mathematicians.

Apparent weight refers to the weight of an object as perceived or measured under specific conditions, often in a fluid or a non-inertial frame of reference, rather than its true gravitational weight. It can vary based on several factors, such as buoyancy in water, acceleration, or movement within an accelerating system.

Pencil-beam scanning is a technique used in radiation therapy, particularly in proton therapy, for the precise delivery of radiation to tumors while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. This method involves using a narrow, focused beam of protons (or other charged particles) that can be accurately directed to specific locations within a tumor. ### Key Aspects of Pencil-Beam Scanning: 1. **Precision Targeting**: The pencil-beam is small in diameter, allowing for highly precise targeting of tumors.

Oracle Unified Method (OUM) is a comprehensive, scalable, and adaptable framework for managing the lifecycle of projects and delivering solutions across various Oracle applications and technologies. It is designed to support the implementation of Oracle software solutions, be it for ERP, CRM, or other Oracle applications. OUM is characterized by its iterative approach and its ability to integrate various methodologies, tools, and best practices to provide a structured way of executing projects.