A **k-edge-connected graph** is a type of graph in which there are at least \( k \) edges that need to be removed in order to disconnect the graph, meaning that no matter how the edges are removed, there will always be at least \( k \) edges remaining that maintain connectivity between pairs of vertices.

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a framework developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for representing information about resources in the web. It is primarily used for knowledge representation and is a key technology for the Semantic Web, which aims to make data on the internet more understandable and useful for machines. ### Key Concepts of RDF: 1. **Triple Structure**: RDF uses a simple triple structure to represent information.

Mulgara is an open-source software platform designed for storing and querying large datasets, particularly those that are structured as RDF (Resource Description Framework) graphs. It is particularly useful for applications that involve semantic web technologies and linked data. Some of the key features of Mulgara include: 1. **RDF Storage**: Mulgara provides a powerful storage system for RDF data, allowing users to store large amounts of information in a structured format.

Graph Modelling Language (GML) is a descriptive language used for representing graphs in a structured format. It provides a way to specify the properties of nodes (vertices) and edges (connections) in a graph. GML is particularly useful for exchanging graph data between different applications and tools, as it offers a standardized way to describe various attributes and relationships. ### Key Features of GML: 1. **Hierarchical Structure**: GML uses a simple, hierarchical structure that can represent complex graphs.

"Entropy" is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes research on various aspects of entropy and information theory. It covers topics such as thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, information theory, and complex systems, among others. The journal aims to provide a platform for interdisciplinary research that explores the concept of entropy in different contexts, including physics, mathematics, computer science, and information sciences.

PGF/TikZ is a powerful package used in LaTeX for creating graphics programmatically. - **PGF**: Stands for "Portable Graphics Format." It serves as a backend for producing graphics and includes functionality for creating figures and diagrams in a way that is highly customizable. PGF is essentially a lower-level interface. - **TikZ**: Stands for "TikZ ist kein Zeichenprogramm," which translates to "TikZ is not a drawing program.

Trivial Graph Format (TGF) is a simple text-based format used to represent graphs. It is designed to be easy to read and write, making it a suitable choice for basic graph data representation, particularly in contexts where simplicity is more important than complexity or efficiency. In TGF, a graph is represented using two sections: 1. **Node Section**: This section lists the nodes (or vertices) of the graph.

Oceanic dispersal refers to the process by which organisms, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, spread across oceanic waters and may come to inhabit new areas or islands. This phenomenon can occur through various mechanisms, including: 1. **Currents**: Ocean currents can transport organisms across vast distances. For example, drifting plankton can be carried by currents from one region to another.

The Hadwiger number, denoted as \( H(G) \) for a graph \( G \), is a numerical graph invariant that represents the maximum number \( k \) such that the graph \( G \) can be colored with \( k \) colors without forming any monochromatic complete graph \( K_t \) for every \( t \leq k \).

Heuristic routing refers to a method used in network routing and computer science where heuristic techniques are employed to find efficient paths or solutions to routing problems. Heuristics are problem-solving strategies that use readily accessible, though often limited, information to generate good enough solutions to complex problems within a reasonable timeframe.

In the context of physics, particularly quantum mechanics, a "hidden variable" refers to an unobservable property or parameter that deterministically influences the outcomes of quantum measurements. The term is often associated with theories that attempt to explain the seemingly random behavior of quantum systems by positing that there are underlying factors we cannot measure or observe directly. In quantum mechanics, the outcomes of measurements are fundamentally probabilistic, as described by the wave function and governed by the principles of superposition and entanglement.

The Grzegorczyk hierarchy is a classification of functions based on their computability in the context of mathematical logic and computability theory. It provides a way to categorize certain classes of total recursive functions, which are functions that are defined for all natural numbers. The hierarchy is named after the Polish mathematician and logician Andrzej Grzegorczyk, who introduced it in the context of studying the structure of computable functions.

"Digesting Duck" could refer to a few different concepts, but it's not a widely recognized term in common use. It might be a playful or metaphorical phrase. For example, it could refer to a duck that is in the process of digesting food or a humorous notion about how ducks "digest" their surroundings or experiences.

AI@50 is an initiative aimed at showcasing the potential and importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in various industries and societal applications as it approaches significant milestones in its development and integration into everyday life. It may involve discussions, conferences, or projects that reflect on the progress of AI over the last several decades, anticipating its future impact and fostering collaboration among experts, businesses, and policymakers.

Vasily Aksyonov is a physicist known for his contributions to the field of theoretical and experimental physics. As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, specific details about his research and accomplishments were not widely covered in mainstream scientific literature or news. If he has gained prominence in the field or achieved notable advancements after that date, I would not have that information. Please check the latest sources or scientific publications for the most current information on his work and contributions.

Historians of technology study the development, impact, and societal implications of technology throughout history. This interdisciplinary field examines the relationship between technology and various aspects of society, including culture, politics, economics, and the environment. Historians of technology explore how technological innovations have shaped human experiences and influenced historical events, as well as how social values and cultural contexts have affected the development and use of technology.

"Works" typically refers to various texts, publications, or bodies of research that explore the history of science. The history of science encompasses the development of scientific ideas, practices, institutions, and the social contexts in which they emerged.

The Continuity Thesis is a concept primarily discussed in the context of history, philosophy, and sociology. It suggests that there is a consistent, uninterrupted progression or evolution of ideas, practices, or institutions over time, rather than radical breaks or discontinuities. This thesis posits that certain themes, values, or structures remain persistent even amidst changes and transformations in society.

The history of science and technology is the study of how scientific knowledge and technological advancements have developed over time, and how these developments have influenced society and the natural world. This interdisciplinary field examines the evolution of scientific theories and practices, the emergence of technological inventions, and the reciprocal relationship between science, technology, culture, and social change. ### Key Aspects 1.