Thomson's lamp is a thought experiment proposed by the British philosopher Jeffrey D. Thomson in 1954. It is used to explore the concepts of infinity, convergence, and the nature of time in philosophy and mathematics. The scenario involves a lamp that can be turned on and off and operates in the following way: at time \( t = 0 \), the lamp is off.

Hasan Abu-Libdeh is not a widely recognized public figure or entity based on the information available up to October 2021. It is possible that he could be a person involved in a specific profession, a private citizen, or a recent figure gaining attention after that date.

Cristóbal de Losada y Puga was a notable figure in the history of Venezuela, serving as a Spanish colonial administrator and military officer. He is best known for his role as the governor of the province of Venezuela during the late 18th century, particularly in the context of efforts to consolidate Spanish control and manage colonial affairs. His contributions are often discussed in the broader context of Spanish colonial rule and regional governance in South America.

Polish geodesists are professionals in Poland who specialize in geodesy, the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth’s surface. Geodesists focus on various tasks such as land surveying, mapping, and modeling the Earth's gravitational field. They utilize advanced technologies and methodologies, including GPS, remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS), to gather, analyze, and interpret spatial information.

Otto M. Nikodym was a Polish-American mathematician known for his work in measure theory and the development of the concept of measure and integration. He is particularly famous for the "Nikodym theorem," which provides conditions under which a measure can be represented as a derivative of another measure, thereby establishing a connection between two measures on the same measurable space. Nikodym's contributions have had a significant impact on various fields of mathematics, including probability theory and functional analysis.

Władysław Matwin is not widely recognized in general public discourse, so it is possible that he may refer to a lesser-known individual in a specific context, such as a local figure, a professional in a specialized field, or even a fictional character.

Zdzisław Skupień could refer to a specific individual or entity, but without further context, it is unclear who or what you are referring to.

The 17th century was a significant period for mathematics in Portugal, marked by contributions from several notable mathematicians. One of the most prominent figures of the time was **Pedro Nunes** (1502–1578), who, although his most influential work predates the 17th century, laid foundational ideas that were important for the development of navigation and mathematics in Portugal.

Osip Somov is primarily known as a Russian and Soviet botanist and plant geographer, who made significant contributions to the understanding of plant distribution and vegetation types, particularly in the context of the Soviet Union's diverse ecosystems. His work often involved studying the relationships between plants and their environments, which has implications for ecology, conservation, and botany.

Andrei Krylov is a Russian mathematician known for his contributions to mathematical analysis, differential equations, and applied mathematics. He is particularly recognized for work related to the Krylov subspace methods, which are widely used for solving large systems of linear equations and eigenvalue problems, especially in numerical linear algebra and scientific computing. Krylov's work in these areas has had a significant impact on various applications, including optimization, physics, and engineering.

Boris Kashin could refer to various individuals or subjects depending on the context. If you're referring to a specific person, such as a politician, academic, or perhaps a figure in popular culture, please provide more details so I can give you accurate information.

Igor Lomov may refer to a variety of individuals or concepts, but one prominent figure you might be referring to is a scientist or academic known for contributions in a specific field, possibly in mathematics, physics, or a related discipline. However, without more context or detail, it's challenging to provide a specific answer.

Ivan Pervushin is not widely recognized or noted in major historical, scientific, or cultural contexts. It's possible that he could be a person from a specific local context, literature, or a fictional character that is not broadly known.

As of my last update in October 2021, Khairulla Murtazin does not appear to be a widely recognized public figure, topic, or term in mainstream discourse. It's possible that he may be a local figure, an emerging personality, or someone known in specific circles or regions.

As of my last update in October 2023, there is not widely recognized information about someone named Nikolay Morozkin. It’s possible that this person could be a private individual, a less prominent figure, or someone who has gained attention after my last update.

Sergei Evdokimov could refer to various individuals, but is not widely recognized as a prominent figure in public knowledge or historical records. If you have a specific context in mind—such as a particular field (like science, sports, politics, etc.

Sergei Stepanov is a Russian mathematician known primarily for his work in the field of mathematics and computer science. His research has included contributions to areas such as graph theory, algorithm design, and combinatorial optimization. He has been involved in various mathematical projects and has published scholarly articles that explore complex mathematical concepts and their applications.

Sofya Kovalevskaya (1850–1891) was a prominent Russian mathematician, astronomer, and writer, well-known for her contributions to mathematics, especially in the fields of analysis, differential equations, and mechanics. She was the first woman in modern Europe to obtain a doctorate in mathematics, earning her degree from the University of Göttingen in Germany in 1874.

Vyacheslav Feodoritov is not a widely recognized figure in mainstream media or academic literature as of my last update in October 2023. If you're referring to a specific individual, it’s possible that he may be known in a particular niche, field, or region. Without additional context, it's difficult to provide accurate information.

Yakov Pesin is a prominent Russian-American mathematician known for his contributions to the field of dynamical systems, particularly in the theory of chaotic systems and ergodic theory. He is recognized for his work on the structure of invariant measures and the concept of the "Pesin theory" related to the behavior of dynamical systems that exhibit chaotic behavior.