Coordination number refers to the number of ligand atoms or ions that are directly bonded to a central atom or ion in a coordination complex. It is an important concept in coordination chemistry and helps in understanding the structure and stability of coordination compounds. For example, in a metal complex such as [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺, the cobalt ion (Co³⁺) is surrounded by six ammonia (NH₃) ligands.

Dodecahedral molecular geometry refers to a specific arrangement of atoms in a molecule that resembles the shape of a dodecahedron, which is a polyhedron with twelve flat faces (usually pentagonal). In terms of molecular geometry, a dodecahedral arrangement typically involves a central atom surrounded symmetrically by twelve other atoms or groups. In chemistry, dodecahedral geometry is not among the most common shapes seen in small molecules or simple coordination complexes.

The Journal of Molecular Structure is a scientific journal that publishes research articles, reviews, and other content related to topics in molecular structure and related fields. It is particularly focused on the study of molecular organization, molecular interactions, and the structural aspects of chemical compounds.

LCP theory refers to the **Linear Complementarity Problem** (LCP), a mathematical framework used primarily in optimization and mathematical programming. The LCP provides a way to describe and analyze systems that can be represented through inequalities and complementarity conditions. The LCP can be formally stated as follows: Given a matrix \( M \) and a vector \( q \), find vectors \( z \) and \( w \) such that: 1. \( z = Mx + q \) 2.

Pentagonal planar molecular geometry refers to a specific arrangement of atoms in a molecule where five atoms or groups are arranged around a central atom in a planar configuration. In this geometry, the bond angles between the adjacent atoms are approximately 108 degrees, which allows for a symmetrical distribution around the central atom. This molecular geometry is often associated with transition metal complexes, particularly those with a coordination number of 5, where a central metal atom can coordinate to five ligands.

Pentagonal pyramidal molecular geometry refers to the shape of a molecule in which a central atom is surrounded by five atoms or groups of atoms at the base of a pyramid and one additional atom or group at the apex, resulting in a five-sided base with a single atom above it. This configuration is characterized by the following: 1. **Coordination Number**: The central atom is coordinated to a total of six atoms or groups.

HTR-10, or High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Project 10, is a modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) designed in China. It is notable for its use of helium as a coolant and its ability to operate at high temperatures, which makes it suitable for various applications, including electricity generation and process heat for industrial uses. The HTR-10 has a thermal power output of around 10 megawatts and serves as a prototype for larger HTGR designs.

S/2004 S 37 is a small natural satellite (moon) of Saturn. It was discovered in 2004 and is classified as one of Saturn's many irregular moons. Irregular moons typically have eccentric orbits that are more distant from their planet compared to regular moons. S/2004 S 37 is relatively small and has an uncertain orbit, making it difficult to study in detail.

Cubic harmonics are a mathematical generalization of spherical harmonics. While traditional spherical harmonics are used primarily in problems with spherical symmetry (like those in quantum mechanics, gravitation, and electromagnetism), cubic harmonics expand this concept to three-dimensional cubes or cubic geometries. In more technical terms, cubic harmonics can represent functions defined on a cube (or in cubic coordinates) much like how spherical harmonics represent functions defined on the surface of a sphere.

An ultrafilter is a mathematical concept that arises in the field of set theory and topology, particularly in the context of ordered sets and Boolean algebras. Here's an overview of what an ultrafilter is: 1. **Definition**: An ultrafilter on a set \( X \) is a maximal filter, which is a collection of subsets of \( X \) that satisfies certain properties: - It is non-empty.

Localized molecular orbitals (LMOs) are a concept in quantum chemistry and molecular orbital theory used to describe the electron distribution in molecules. Unlike delocalized molecular orbitals, which spread over several atoms and can be seen in conjugated systems or in systems with extensive pi bonding, LMOs are more confined to specific regions or atoms within a molecule.

The Weak-Link Approach is a concept often used in various fields, including game theory, economics, and organizational behavior. It refers to a strategy or framework that focuses on the limitations or vulnerabilities of a system rather than its strengths. This approach can be particularly useful in identifying critical weaknesses that might be exploited by competitors or that could lead to failure if not addressed.

The Datar–Mathews method is a numerical approach for valuing real options, particularly useful in situations involving investment decisions with uncertainty and the flexibility to defer, expand, or abandon projects. This method is frequently applied in finance and economics to assess the value of options related to real assets—such as the option to delay investment in a project or the option to expand operations.

A stochastic investment model is an approach used in finance and economics to account for uncertainty and randomness in the investment process. Unlike deterministic models, which assume that future outcomes can be predicted with certainty given a specific set of initial conditions, stochastic models incorporate variability and randomness in various factors that affect investment performance. ### Key Features of Stochastic Investment Models: 1. **Random Variables**: Stochastic models often use random variables to represent uncertain outcomes, such as stock prices, interest rates, and economic indicators.

Mneme is a hypothetical moon that has been proposed as a natural satellite of the dwarf planet Haumea, which is located in the Kuiper Belt beyond Neptune. The name "Mneme" is derived from Greek mythology, where Mneme is one of the Muses, specifically the Muse of memory. Haumea itself is known for its unusual elongated shape and rapid rotation.

The Northeast Passage refers to a shipping route that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean along the northern coast of Russia, through the Arctic. This passage takes advantage of the sea routes that open during the summer months when ice melts, particularly in the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The route stretches from the Kara Sea, passing through the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea, before reaching the Chukchi Sea and eventually entering the Bering Strait, leading to the Pacific Ocean.

S/2016 J 3 is the designation of a moon of Jupiter. It was discovered in 2016 and is one of the many small moons that orbit the gas giant planet. This moon is part of the group of irregular satellites, which generally have more eccentric orbits and are thought to be captured objects rather than bodies that formed in place.

Olfactory navigation refers to the ability of animals (and potentially humans) to navigate and orient themselves in their environment using their sense of smell. This process involves detecting and interpreting various odor cues present in the environment, which can provide information about food sources, potential mates, territorial boundaries, and even the presence of predators. In animals such as insects, rodents, and some bird species, olfactory navigation is crucial for survival and daily activities.

Neptune has 14 known moons, and their surface features vary widely among them. Here is a brief overview of some of the most notable moons and their characteristics: 1. **Triton**: This is Neptune's largest moon and has very distinctive surface features. Triton is largely composed of ice and rock and displays a rugged surface characterized by large icy plains, a few large impact craters, and a chaotic terrain with geysers that are thought to spew nitrogen gas.

Waves can refer to several concepts depending on the context. Here are a few common meanings: 1. **Physics**: In physics, waves are disturbances that transfer energy from one location to another without the permanent displacement of the medium through which they propagate. There are various types of waves, including mechanical waves (like sound waves) and electromagnetic waves (like light waves).