The theorem of the three geodesics is a result in the field of differential geometry, particularly in the study of geodesics on Riemannian manifolds.

GRB 080913 is a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that was detected on September 13, 2008. Gamma-ray bursts are among the most energetic events in the universe, characterized by the release of a significant amount of gamma radiation over a brief period, typically lasting from milliseconds to several minutes.

GRB 100621A is a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that occurred on June 21, 2010. It was detected by the Swift satellite and is notable for being one of the closest GRBs observed at that time, with a redshift of approximately 0.542, which translates to a distance of about 5.1 billion light-years from Earth.

General equilibrium theory is a branch of economics that studies how supply and demand in multiple markets interact simultaneously and how they achieve an overall equilibrium in an economy. General equilibrium theorists analyze how changes in one part of the economy can affect the entire system, taking into account the interdependencies among different markets.

Hydrargyrum quartz iodide is a chemical compound that can also be referred to by its chemical formula, which typically indicates the presence of mercury (hydrargyrum is the Latin name for mercury), quartz, and iodine. This compound can be related to specific applications in fields such as materials science or photonics, particularly in the development of particular types of optical materials or devices.

A fluorescent lamp is a type of electric light that works by passing an electric current through a gas, which emits ultraviolet light. This ultraviolet light then excites a phosphor coating on the inside of the glass tube, causing it to emit visible light. Fluorescent lamps are commonly used in various applications due to their energy efficiency and longer lifespan compared to traditional incandescent bulbs.

Fluorescent lamps are a type of electric lamp that produces light by the excitation of gas. They work by passing an electric current through a gas (typically argon or neon) which produces ultraviolet (UV) light. This UV light then interacts with a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp, causing it to emit visible light. Fluorescent lamps are widely used for their energy efficiency and longer lifespans compared to incandescent lamps.

A germicidal lamp is a type of ultraviolet (UV) lamp that emits UV-C light, which has wavelengths typically between 200 and 280 nanometers. This UV-C light is effective at disinfecting surfaces, air, and water by killing or inactivating microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Germicidal lamps are commonly used in various applications including: 1. **Healthcare Settings**: To sterilize operating rooms, patient rooms, and medical equipment.

The factorial moment generating function (FMGF) is a generating function that is particularly useful in probability and statistics for dealing with discrete random variables, especially those that take non-negative integer values. The FMGF is closely related to the moments of a random variable but is structured in a way that makes it suitable for analyzing distributions where counts or frequencies are relevant, like the Poisson distribution or the negative binomial distribution.

Edible gels are a type of food product made from gelling agents that create a gel-like texture. They are commonly used in the food industry for various applications, including as thickening agents, stabilizers, or for creating desserts and confections. Some common gelling agents used to produce edible gels include: 1. **Gelatin**: A protein derived from animal collagen, used in a variety of sweets like gummy candies, marshmallows, and jellies.

Gelclair is a topical medication typically used to relieve oral mucositis, which is an inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes in the mouth. This condition can occur as a side effect of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other treatments. Gelclair is formulated as a gel that provides a protective coating over the oral mucosa, helping to soothe pain and discomfort, promote healing, and reduce inflammation.

Hantz reactions, also known as Hantzsch reactions, refer to a series of chemical reactions that involve the synthesis of dihydropyridines. These reactions are named after the German chemist Heinrich Hantzsch, who developed the method. In its most common form, the Hantzsch reaction involves the condensation of aldehydes (or ketones), β-ketoesters (or certain other carbonyl compounds), and ammonia or primary amines in the presence of a reducing agent.

Low molecular-mass organic gelators (LMOGs) are small organic molecules that can form gel-like structures when dispersed in a solvent at relatively low concentrations. Unlike traditional polymeric gelators, LMOGs typically have a molecular weight of less than 1,000 Da and can self-assemble into fibrillar or network structures that trap solvent molecules, leading to the formation of a gel.

Sergey Krasnikov may refer to multiple individuals, but one prominent figure by this name is a Russian scientist known for his work in the field of theoretical physics, particularly in areas such as quantum mechanics and related disciplines.

The Arrow–Debreu model is a foundational concept in modern microeconomic theory, named after economists Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu, who developed it in the 1950s. The model provides a formal framework for understanding general equilibrium in a competitive market and demonstrates the conditions under which an economy can achieve Pareto efficiency.

Kristine M. Larson is a notable figure in the field of geophysics and remote sensing, particularly known for her work on the application of GPS technology in monitoring seismic activities and understanding geophysical processes. She has contributed significantly to the understanding of Earth's crustal deformation and the dynamics of tectonic plates. Larson has also been involved in various research projects and has published numerous academic papers in her field.

Véronique Dehant is a prominent researcher known for her work in the fields of geodesy and geophysics. She has contributed significantly to the understanding of Earth’s gravitational field and its variations, as well as to studies related to the dynamics and structure of the Earth’s interior. Her research often involves using satellite data and other geophysical measurements to study phenomena such as sea-level rise, climate change, and Earth motion.

The U.S. National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is a division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that is responsible for surveying and mapping the nation's geographic and geodetic data. Established in 1807, its primary mission is to provide accurate and reliable geospatial data and services that underpin various applications, including mapping, navigation, land use planning, resource management, and disaster response.

The history of geomagnetism is a fascinating journey that encompasses centuries of scientific inquiry and technological development. Here’s a concise overview of key milestones in the study of Earth's magnetic field: ### Ancient Beginnings - **Magnetite Discovery**: The magnetic properties of the naturally occurring mineral magnetite were known to ancient civilizations. The Greeks first described magnetic attraction around the 6th century BCE, with Thales of Miletus among those acknowledging its existence.

The International Latitude Service (ILS) is an international collaborative effort aimed at precise measurement and monitoring of the Earth's latitude changes. Established in the early 20th century, the ILS primarily focuses on tracking variations in latitude caused by factors such as tectonic activity, glacial rebound, and other geophysical processes. The service involves a network of observatories equipped with highly accurate astronomical instruments.