"Computing by year" typically refers to a historical overview or timeline of significant events, developments, and milestones in the field of computing and technology throughout the years. This can include the invention of key technologies, the creation of programming languages, advancements in hardware and software, and the rise of the internet, among other important developments.

The history of computer companies is a fascinating journey through technological innovation, commercialization, and the evolution of the computer industry over decades. Below is a brief overview highlighting key milestones and notable companies: ### 1940s - 1950s: The Birth of Computing - **ENIAC (1945)**: Often considered the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, designed by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.

The history of software is a fascinating journey that reflects the evolution of computers and technology. Here's an overview of the key milestones in the development of software: ### 1. **Early Beginnings (1940s-1950s)** - **Theoretical Foundations**: The concepts of algorithms and computation were described by mathematicians like Alan Turing and John von Neumann in the 1930s and 1940s.

"Women in Computing" refers to the movement, initiatives, and efforts aimed at increasing the participation and representation of women in the field of computing, technology, and related disciplines. This includes various aspects such as: 1. **Encouragement and Education**: Programs aimed at encouraging young girls and women to pursue careers in computing through educational initiatives, workshops, coding boot camps, and mentorship programs.

The history of computers can be structured by century, focusing on key developments, innovations, and milestones that contributed to the evolution of computer technology. Here’s a brief overview, organized by century: ### 17th Century - **Mathematical Devices**: Development of mechanical calculators. Notable figures include: - **Blaise Pascal**: Developed the Pascaline, an early mechanical calculator (1642).

CP/M, which stands for Control Program for Microcomputers, is an early operating system designed for microcomputers. It was developed in the mid-1970s by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc. CP/M became one of the first widely used operating systems for personal computers, particularly those based on Intel 8080 and Zilog Z80 microprocessors.

The history of computing in France is rich and varied, tracing its roots from early mathematical developments to the modern era of information technology. Here’s an overview: ### Early Foundations (19th Century) - **Mathematical Contributions**: France has a deep mathematical tradition, with figures like Blaise Pascal and Pierre-Simon Laplace making significant contributions. These early ideas laid the groundwork for later computational theories.

The history of computing in South America is a multifaceted narrative that reflects the broader trends of technological development while also addressing unique regional challenges and advancements. Here is an overview of the key moments and trends in the evolution of computing in this region: ### Early Developments (1940s - 1960s) - **Introduction of Electronic Computers**: The adoption of computing technologies in South America began in the mid-20th century, paralleling the global wave of computer innovation.

Ancient Greek logic refers to the study and practice of reasoning and argumentation that originated in ancient Greece, particularly during the classical period (approximately the 5th to the 3rd centuries BCE). It is considered one of the foundational aspects of Western philosophy and mathematics, primarily articulated through the works of several key philosophers. ### Key Figures 1.