Sea level rise refers to the increase in the average level of the world's oceans due to various factors, primarily driven by climate change. This phenomenon can have significant impacts on coastal environments, communities, and ecosystems. The main contributors to sea level rise include: 1. **Thermal Expansion**: As ocean water warms, it expands, contributing to rising sea levels. 2. **Melting Glaciers and Ice Sheets**: The melting of glaciers and polar ice sheets (e.g.

The Condorcet paradox, named after the French philosopher and mathematician Marquis de Condorcet, refers to a situation in collective decision-making where a group's preferences can lead to a cycle, meaning that no single option can be identified as the most preferred by the majority. This paradox highlights a potential inconsistency in majority rule voting systems. To illustrate the paradox, consider three candidates: A, B, and C.

The term "double majority" can refer to different concepts depending on the context, but it generally involves two distinct criteria that must be met for a decision or action to be considered valid or approved. 1. **Political Context**: In some voting systems, a double majority is required for certain types of decisions, such as constitutional changes or significant legislative measures.

An independent voter is someone who does not formally associate with any political party. Instead of registering with a specific party, they choose to remain unaffiliated, which allows them to vote based on individual candidates and issues rather than adhering to a party platform. Independent voters may hold a range of political beliefs and may be influenced by factors such as current events, candidate qualities, and specific policies, rather than strict party ideology.

The Micromega Rule, also known as the micromega principle or micromega concept, primarily refers to a philosophical idea that contrasts the scales of existence—from the microscopic to the macroscopic. It derives its name from the science fiction novel "Micromégas," written by Voltaire in the 18th century, in which a giant from another planet encounters the humans of Earth and reflects on the vast differences in scale, perspective, and understanding.

An "overvote" occurs in an election when a voter selects more candidates than allowed on a ballot for a specific race or contest. This typically results in that particular vote being invalidated or not counted because it cannot be clearly assigned to a single candidate. Overvotes can happen in different types of voting systems, including electronic voting machines and paper ballots.

The probabilistic voting model is a theoretical framework used in political science and economics to analyze how voters make decisions in elections. This model incorporates randomness and uncertainty into the voting process, suggesting that voters do not always have fixed preferences but instead have probabilistic attitudes toward candidates or policy options. Here are key aspects of the probabilistic voting model: 1. **Uncertainty in Preferences**: Instead of having clear and deterministic preferences, voters are characterized by a range of preferences that can change based on various factors.

In mathematics, particularly in the field of functional analysis and measure theory, a **Schwartz set** is a set that possesses certain properties related to rapid decay, commonly associated with Schwartz functions. The term generally refers to sets in the context of Schwartz spaces, which consist of smooth functions that, along with their derivatives, decay rapidly at infinity.

A supermajority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a higher threshold of approval than a simple majority. In many contexts, a supermajority might require a two-thirds (66.67%) or three-quarters (75%) majority of votes to pass a decision, amendment, or piece of legislation.

The Tournament solution is a concept from cooperative game theory, particularly related to the assignment of value to players in a cooperative game. It is designed to address situations where players may form coalitions and collaborate to achieve better outcomes collectively than they could alone. In the context of cooperative games, the Tournament solution is often associated with scenarios where players can compete against one another in a tournament-like structure, and it involves determining how to fairly allocate resources or payoffs based on the outcomes of these competitions.

The Wyoming Rule refers to a concept in antitrust law related to the pricing strategies of firms, particularly in the context of determining whether a firm has engaged in predatory pricing. Specifically, the rule asserts that a firm can be considered to have engaged in predatory pricing if it sets prices below its variable costs.

The concept of "signed area" typically arises in the context of geometry, particularly in relation to polygons in the Cartesian coordinate system. It refers to the area of a shape that takes into account the orientation of the vertices (the order in which they are connected) and can therefore be positive or negative.

The symmetric difference of two sets is a concept in set theory that represents the elements that are in either of the sets but not in their intersection. In simpler terms, it includes the elements that are unique to each set.

Triskaidekaphobia is the fear or phobia of the number 13. This irrational fear can manifest in various ways, such as avoiding situations involving the number 13, feeling anxious when it appears, or even believing that it brings bad luck. The superstition surrounding the number 13 has cultural and historical roots, with many people associating it with misfortune, particularly in Western cultures.

The "Book of the Zodiac" can refer to various texts or works related to astrology, astronomy, or mystical interpretations of the zodiac signs. These texts often explore the characteristics, traits, and symbolism associated with the twelve signs of the zodiac, which are based on the positions of celestial bodies at the time of a person's birth. The book might contain content ranging from astrological charts, horoscopes, and personality analyses to mythological stories and spiritual insights connected to each zodiac sign.

English Qaballa (often spelled "Kabbalah") refers to a modern interpretation and adaptation of the ancient Jewish mystical tradition known as Kabbalah, which explores the nature of the divine and the universe through various symbolic and esoteric teachings. While traditional Kabbalah is rooted in Jewish texts like the Torah and the Zohar, English Qaballa often incorporates elements from various esoteric traditions, including Western occultism, Hermeticism, and other mystical philosophies.

Onomancy is a form of divination that involves interpreting the meanings of names. The practice stems from the belief that a person's name can reveal insights about their character, fate, or destiny. Different cultures and traditions may have varying methods of interpreting names, often looking into the meanings of the individual components of a name or its numerical value (as in numerology).

Tetraphobia is an irrational fear of the number four. This fear is particularly prominent in some East Asian cultures, where the number four is often associated with bad luck or death. This superstition is partly due to the fact that the word for "four" has a similar pronunciation to the word for "death" in languages such as Chinese and Japanese.

In the context of set theory and logic, an **admissible ordinal** refers to a certain kind of ordinal that is used to define and study the properties of *admissible sets* and *admissible theories* in the framework of *admissible infinitary logic*.

An "order type" refers to the specific instructions given by a trader to a financial intermediary, such as a brokerage or an exchange, to execute a trade in a financial market. Different order types determine how and when a transaction is executed. Here are some common types of orders: 1. **Market Order**: This order is executed immediately at the best available current price. It ensures that the trade is executed quickly, but the exact price at which the order will be filled may vary.