Miniature model-makers are artisans or hobbyists who create scaled-down replicas of objects, scenes, or structures. This craft can include a wide range of subjects, such as buildings, vehicles, figures, and landscapes. Miniature model-making can be pursued for various purposes, including art, display, education, and entertainment. There are several aspects to miniature model-making: 1. **Materials**: Model-makers often use various materials, including wood, plastic, metal, and resin.

Cellular automata (CA) have found interesting representations and applications in popular culture, reflecting their mathematical and computational foundation as well as their aesthetic qualities. Here are some notable ways in which cellular automata have permeated popular culture: 1. **Art and Visual Media**: Many artists and digital creators use cellular automata to generate visually striking images and animations. The repetitive and emergent patterns created by these systems can be compelling, leading to works that explore complexity and order from chaos.

Music notation file formats are specialized digital file types used to represent musical notation and scores. These formats enable composers, musicians, and music educators to create, share, and store their musical compositions in a way that can be read and understood by music notation software. Various file formats serve different purposes and offer different features. Here are some common music notation file formats: 1. **MusicXML (.musicxml, .xml)**: - A standardized format for representing Western music notation.

In music, "articulations" refers to the way in which specific notes or phrases are expressed in terms of their attack, duration, and decay. Articulation affects the character and attack of each note, influencing how they are played or sung. Common types of articulations include: 1. **Staccato**: Notes are played short and detached, creating a crisp sound. 2. **Legato**: Notes are played smoothly and connected, with no noticeable breaks between them.

Ornamentation refers to the decorative elements added to a work of art, music, or architecture to enhance its aesthetic appeal or expressivity. The specifics can vary widely depending on the context: 1. **Visual Arts**: In painting, sculpture, and decorative arts, ornamentation may involve the use of patterns, textures, and colors to embellish a piece. It can include motifs, detailed patterns, or intricate designs that add richness and complexity.

Ciro Santilli is a UK resident. He will register as a "solo trader" (slightly funny legal term) and treat donations that he uses for projects as grants, which pay regular income tax:The rates are given at: www.gov.uk/income-tax-rates and are as of writing:

National insurance is also likely going to be paid: www.gov.uk/self-employed-national-insurance-rates:

Fortunately however VAT does not need to be paid.

The amount that will be declared is the same as he grant amount that was requested, e.g. if 100k USD is requested for 1 year, then 100k USD will be pro-rata declared on that year.

Any remaining donations that don't yet meet specific grant goals will be initially treated as cash gifts which pay no tax. If in the future they are used as grant money after further goal amounts are reached, then they will taxed as grants.

Note however that if the donor is UK-based and dies within 7 years of the gift being given, inheritance tax has to be paid on them as per: www.gov.uk/inheritance-tax/gifts, at a maximum of 32% and going to to 0% at 7 years, so let me know from the afterlife.

1959 by Voice of America.