Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) quantum computing is a type of quantum computing that uses the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance to manipulate quantum bits, or qubits. In this approach, the states of qubits are represented by the nuclear spins of atoms (often isotopes like carbon-13, nitrogen-15, or phosphorus-31) within a molecule.

The Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) was an instrument used aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to perform high-resolution spectroscopy of astronomical objects. It was one of the two spectrographs on Hubble, the other being the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). **Key features of GHRS include:** 1.

Nucleation in microcellular foaming refers to the initial process by which tiny gas bubbles, or nuclei, form within a polymer matrix during the foaming process. This is a critical step in producing microcellular foam, which is characterized by a high number of small cells (bubbles) that are typically less than 10 micrometers in diameter.

The Number Theoretic Hilbert Transform is an adaptation of the classic Hilbert transform, which is a well-known operation in harmonic analysis and signal processing, to the context of number theory and discrete signals. The classical Hilbert transform is defined for functions or signals and is often used to derive analytic signals, modify phase, or analyze the frequency content of signals.

Numerical methods for linear least squares are techniques used to solve the linear least squares problem, which involves finding the best-fitting line (or hyperplane) through a set of data points in a least-squares sense.

Numerologists are individuals who practice numerology, a belief system that assigns significance to numbers and their relationships to various aspects of life. Numerology is often used to interpret personality traits, predict future events, and understand one's life path based on numerical values derived from names, birth dates, and other significant numbers. Numerologists may analyze various components, such as: 1. **Life Path Number**: Calculated from a person's birth date, this number is thought to reveal their life purpose and path.

An oceanarium is a large aquarium or marine facility that focuses on displaying a variety of marine life, including fish, mammals, and other aquatic organisms. Unlike traditional aquariums, oceanariums often emphasize a naturalistic environment and may include large tanks that simulate oceanic ecosystems. They often feature diverse exhibits that showcase different marine habitats, such as coral reefs, deep-sea environments, and coastal regions.

Oded Goldreich is a prominent Israeli computer scientist known for his contributions to the fields of cryptography, complexity theory, and algorithm design. He has made significant advancements in theoretical computer science, particularly in the areas of secure multi-party computation, zero-knowledge proofs, and randomness in computation. Goldreich has authored or co-authored numerous influential papers and is recognized for his work in making complex theoretical concepts accessible and applicable in real-world scenarios.

Ogbunigwe is a term that originates from the Igbo people of Nigeria, referring to a type of improvised explosive device (IED) used during the Nigerian Civil War (also known as the Biafran War) from 1967 to 1970. The word "Ogbunigwe" translates to "kill and bury" in the Igbo language.

Oleg Losev (1903–1988) was a Soviet scientist and inventor who is often recognized for his pioneering work in the field of optoelectronics. He is best known for his research on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and for his contributions to the development of semiconductor devices. In the 1920s, Losev created some of the first practical light-emitting diodes using silicon carbide, which emitted visible light when an electric current passed through them.

"Omar Khayyam" is a historical drama film released in 1957, directed by William Dieterle. The film is loosely based on the life of the Persian poet, mathematician, and astronomer Omar Khayyam, who lived during the 11th century. It stars Cornel Wilde as Omar Khayyam, along with other notable actors like present-day characters and events intertwined with Khayyam's life.

Omitted-variable bias refers to the bias that occurs in statistical analyses, particularly in regression models, when a relevant variable is left out of the model. This can lead to incorrect estimates of the relationships between the included variables. When an important variable that affects both the dependent variable (the outcome) and one or more independent variables (the predictors) is omitted, it can cause the estimated coefficients of the included independent variables to be biased and inconsistent.

Online console gaming refers to playing video games on a gaming console (such as PlayStation, Xbox, or Nintendo Switch) over the internet. This allows players to connect with others, participate in multiplayer games, join online communities, and access digital content directly from their consoles. Key features of online console gaming include: 1. **Multiplayer Interaction**: Players can compete against or cooperate with others from around the world in real-time.

An Online Service Provider (OSP) is a business or organization that offers services to users over the Internet. These services can range widely, covering various categories such as communication, information access, entertainment, and cloud computing. OSPs typically provide platforms and infrastructure that enable users to perform specific tasks or access resources online. Some common types of online service providers include: 1. **Internet Service Providers (ISPs)**: Companies that provide users with access to the Internet.

Onyx is a short-range interceptor system developed primarily for use by the Russian military. It is designed to engage and destroy multiple aerial threats, including cruise missiles, drones, and other targets that may pose a risk to vital military and civilian installations. Onyx employs advanced radar and guidance technology to track and intercept targets. It is typically introduced as part of a multi-layered air defense strategy, providing a robust option for protecting areas against various aerial threats.

Open-notebook science is an approach to scientific research that emphasizes transparency and collaboration by making research notes, data, and methodologies publicly accessible in real-time. This practice involves scientists sharing their work, including experimental protocols, raw data, results, and thoughts, through online platforms, often in the form of an electronic laboratory notebook. Key features of open-notebook science include: 1. **Transparency**: By sharing research processes and findings openly, scientists allow others to replicate their work and validate results more easily.

An optical cluster state is a type of photonic quantum state that is now being studied for its potential applications in quantum computing and quantum information processing. Cluster states are a particular kind of multi-particle entangled state that can be used to implement measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC), where computations are carried out through a series of measurements performed on entangled states. ### Key Characteristics of Optical Cluster States: 1. **Entanglement**: Optical cluster states are strongly entangled states of photons.

Orest Khvolson was a Ukrainian-born American mathematician known for his work in functional analysis and the theory of linear operators. He was active in the mid-20th century and contributed to the development of various mathematical theories and concepts. His contributions often intersected with areas such as spectral theory and operator algebras. In addition to his mathematical work, Khvolson is noted for his involvement in education, mentoring students, and promoting mathematical research.

Orla Ní Fhinneadha is not a widely recognized name in public knowledge or media as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It is possible that she could be a private individual or a professional with regional or field-specific recognition that has emerged after my last update.

Parity measurement is a concept primarily found in the fields of quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. In general, it refers to the way in which systems or states are analyzed based on their symmetry properties concerning certain transformations, typically involving inversion in spatial coordinates, which leads to a distinction between even and odd configurations. Here are some contexts in which parity measurements are relevant: 1. **Quantum States**: In quantum systems, particles can exhibit properties that are even or odd under parity transformations.