Hebbian theory, often summarized by the phrase "cells that fire together, wire together," is a principle of synaptic plasticity in neuroscience that describes how the connections between neurons, or synapses, change over time based on their activity patterns. It was proposed by the psychologist Donald Hebb in his 1949 book "The Organization of Behavior.

Artificial consciousness, often referred to as synthetic consciousness or machine consciousness, is the hypothetical concept of a machine or software system having conscious experiences similar to those of humans or other sentient beings. It involves the development of artificial systems that possess qualities associated with consciousness, such as self-awareness, the ability to perceive and respond to the environment, subjective experiences, and potentially even emotions.

Brian is a simulator for spiking neural networks (SNNs). It is written in Python and is designed to facilitate the study of spiking neurons and the dynamics of networks of such neurons. Brian allows researchers and developers to easily implement and simulate complex neural models without needing a deep understanding of the underlying numerical methods.

"Artificial wisdom" is a concept that refers to the application of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems to interpret, understand, and provide insights that go beyond mere data analysis. While traditional AI focuses on processing information, recognizing patterns, and making predictions based on quantitative data, artificial wisdom aims to incorporate deeper knowledge, contextual awareness, ethical considerations, and emotional intelligence into the decision-making process.

Bayesian approaches to brain function refer to the application of Bayesian statistical principles to understand how the brain processes information, makes decisions, and learns from experience. These approaches posit that the brain operates in a way that is fundamentally probabilistic, where it constantly updates its beliefs about the world based on prior knowledge and new sensory information. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Bayesian Inference**: This is a statistical method that updates the probability for a hypothesis as more evidence or information becomes available.

The Budapest Reference Connectome is a comprehensive brain connectivity map that was created to serve as a reference model for understanding how different regions of the brain are interconnected. This project is part of a broader effort in neuroscience to map the human brain's structure and function, known as the connectome. The connectome represents the complex network of neural connections in the brain, including both the anatomical pathways (how neurons are physically connected) and functional connections (how different brain regions communicate with each other).

"Connectome" is a book written by Sebastian Seung, a neuroscientist and professor of computational neuroscience. Published in 2012, the book explores the concept of the connectome, which refers to the comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain. Seung discusses how these connections, made up of neurons and their synapses, play a fundamental role in shaping our thoughts, memories, and behaviors.

The Galves–Löcherbach model is a mathematical model used in the field of statistical mechanics and spin glasses. It is a type of interacting particle system that features a discrete collection of spins (or binary variables) which can represent different states (e.g., up or down). The model is constructed to study the behavior of these spins under a stochastic (random) dynamics influenced by both local interactions between neighboring spins and a global external field.

Nervous system network models refer to computational or conceptual frameworks used to understand the structure and function of neural networks within the nervous system. These models aim to replicate the complexity of neural connections and interactions at various scales, from single neurons to entire neural circuits or brain regions. ### Key Components of Nervous System Network Models: 1. **Neurons**: The basic building blocks of the nervous system, modeled as computational units that can process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals.

Parabolic bursting is a term often associated with the phenomenon of explosive or rapid growth in the context of various fields, including finance, economics, and even in physical systems. It typically describes a situation where a variable experiences an exponential increase over a relatively short period, leading to a steep curve that resembles a parabola. In finance, for example, parabolic bursting might refer to the rapid price increase of an asset, followed by a sudden crash, often resembling a parabolic shape when graphed.

Theoretical neuromorphology is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from neuroscience, biology, and theoretical modeling to understand the structure and organization of nervous systems. It explores the relationship between the physical structure (morphology) of neural systems and their function, focusing on how anatomical features of neurons and neural networks influence processes such as information processing, learning, and behavior.

The Lenstra–Lenstra–Lovász (LLL) algorithm is a polynomial-time algorithm for lattice basis reduction. It is named after its creators Arjen K. Lenstra, Hendrik W. Lenstra Jr., and László Lovász, who introduced it in 1982. The algorithm is significant in computational number theory and has applications in areas such as cryptography, coding theory, integer programming, and combinatorial optimization. ### Key Concepts 1.

The list of Russian astronomers and astrophysicists includes many prominent scientists who have made significant contributions to the fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Here are some notable figures: 1. **Mikhail Lomonosov** (1711–1765) - A polymath who contributed to various scientific fields, including the study of the atmosphere of Venus.

Collaborative Computational Project Q (CCP-Q) is a UK-based initiative focused on advancing the field of quantum computing and quantum simulations. It brings together researchers, academic institutions, and industry partners to collaboratively develop and share tools, methodologies, and knowledge related to quantum computing. The overall aim of CCP-Q is to promote the use of computational techniques in quantum science and to enhance the understanding and application of quantum technologies.

In computer animation, an "armature" refers to a skeletal structure that serves as the framework or support for animating a character or object. This structure is essential for rigging, which is the process of creating a digital skeleton that allows for the manipulation and transformation of 3D models. The armature typically consists of bones and joints that define how different parts of an object, such as a character's limbs or facial features, can move in relation to one another.

Atomistix ToolKit (ATK) is a software package developed for simulating and modeling quantum transport in nanoscale materials and devices, such as nanowires, graphene, and molecular electronics. It is widely used in the field of condensed matter physics, materials science, and nanotechnology. ATK provides a user-friendly interface, allowing researchers to perform calculations involving electronic structure, transport properties, and other related phenomena.

Elmer FEM (Finite Element Method) solver is an open-source software package designed for the simulation of physical phenomenon using the finite element method. It is primarily used for solving differential equations that describe various engineering and scientific problems across different domains, such as fluid dynamics, structural mechanics, heat transfer, electromagnetics, and more.

Umbrella sampling is a computational technique used in molecular simulations, particularly in the context of molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods. It is utilized to study rare events and to compute free energy profiles along a specific reaction coordinate or order parameter. The basic idea behind umbrella sampling is to enhance the sampling of configurational space by introducing a biasing potential that allows the system to explore regions that would otherwise be difficult to sample due to high energy barriers.

"GYRO" can refer to several different things depending on the context. Here are some common uses of the term: 1. **Gyroscope (Gyro)**: In physics and engineering, a gyroscope is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity. Gyros are often used in navigation systems for aircraft, ships, and spacecraft.

A Navigation Mesh, often abbreviated as NavMesh, is a data structure used in artificial intelligence (AI) and game development to facilitate pathfinding and movement of characters (NPCs or players) within a 3D environment. It simplifies the representation of walkable surfaces and areas in a game world, allowing AI agents to navigate complex environments efficiently.