Chicago Updated 2025-07-16
Chorus effect Updated 2025-07-16
Atomic and laser Physics subdepartment of the University of Oxford Updated 2025-07-16
Atomic clock Updated 2025-07-16
How an atomic clock works, and its use in the global positioning system (GPS) by EngineerGuy (2012)
Source. Shows how conceptually an atomic clock is based on a feedback loop of two hyperfine structure states of caesium atoms (non-radioactive caesium-133 as clarified by the Wikipedia page). Like a quartz clock, it also relies on the piezoelectricity of quartz, but unlike the quartz clock, the quartz is not shaped like a tuning fork, and has a much larger resonating frequency of about 7 MHz. The feedback is completed by producing photons that resonate at the right frequency to excite the caesium.Inside the HP 5061A Cesium Clock by CuriousMarc (2020)
Source. A similar model was used in the Hafele-Keating experiment to test special relativity on two planes flying in opposite directions. Miniaturization was key.
Contains a disposable tube with 6g of Caesium. You boil it, so when it runs out, you change the tube, 40k USD. Their tube is made by Agilent Technologies, so a replacement since that opened in 1999, and the original machine is from the 60s.
Detection is done with an electron multiplier.
youtu.be/eOti3kKWX-c?t=1166 They compare it with their 100 dollar GPS disciplined oscillator, since GPS satellites have atomic clocks in them.
Quick presentation of the atomic clock at the National Physical Laboratory (2010)
Source. Their super accurate setup first does laser cooling on the caesium atoms. Atomic orbital Updated 2025-07-16
In the case of the Schrödinger equation solution for the hydrogen atom, each orbital is one eigenvector of the solution.
Remember from time-independent Schrödinger equation that the final solution is just the weighted sum of the eigenvector decomposition of the initial state, analogously to solving partial differential equations with the Fourier series.
This is the table that you should have in mind to visualize them: en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atomic_orbital&oldid=1022865014#Orbitals_table
Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain Ordinal ruleset inscription Updated 2025-07-16
Ordinals are inscriptions created with the protocol described at: docs.ordinals.com/inscriptions.html The protocol was designed by developer Casey Rodarmor, and shares a few similarities with the AtomSea & EMBII protocol.
The protocol also includes a way to have ownership over inscriptions, effectively creating an NFT system on top of the bitcoin blockchain. AtomSea & EMBII also already had such a system however. In either case, Ciro Santilli couldn't give less of a fuck about who owns some random publicly viewable digital asset.
For whatever reason, orinals became extremelly popular compared to the AtomSea & EMBII format, leading to millions os inscriptions, and 10k+ images as of block 830k. They also started to take up a substatial portion of the available block space.
This in turn led to a lot of child porn rediscussion, and people linking back to this page to view earlier inscriptions: incoming links.
Unfortunately, unlike AtomSea & EMBII and even cryptograffiti.info uploads, most ordinals are designed to be just souless bulk collectibles, as with as much artistic merit as any random collectible card set or postage stamps you may find at a newpaper stall. To make things worse many of them are likely algorithmically generated. Eternal September had truly arrived to the Bitcoin blockchain. As a result, machine learning would be almost essential in order to find interesting uploads amidst such bulk.
Ordinal #0
. This is the first ordinal ruleset inscription: ordinals.com/inscription/6fb976ab49dcec017f1e201e84395983204ae1a7c2abf7ced0a85d692e442799i0. It was made on block 767430 (2022-12-14).The
i0
at the end of the URL above means "inscription 0". This is because a single transaction can have multiple inscriptions.The ordinals also started taking up large portions of the Bitcoin blockchain:
Apparently the "Taproot" Bitcoin update made it easier to upload image-sized data once again, which had become prohibitively expensive 2023 and much earlier:
- protos.com/did-taproot-ruin-bitcoin-with-nft-inscriptions-of-monkey-jpegs/
- ordinals.com/ appears to index some types of ordinals
Bibliography:
- blocktelegraph.io/parent-child-bitcoin-inscriptions/ parent-child relationshipsi are possible between two ordinals
- ordinals.com/
- bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/117018/understanding-how-ordinals-work-with-the-bitcoin-blockchain-what-is-exactly-sto
- bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/118405/read-ordinal-transaction-data
- bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/118247/can-someone-explain-the-byte-composition-of-an-inscription-reveal-transaction
- nftnow.com/guides/bitcoin-nfts-most-notable-ordinals-inscriptions/
Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain Ordinal ruleset inscription collection Updated 2025-07-16
This section is about groups of ordinal ruleset inscription that share a theme and were presumably created by a single entity.
Audio editor Updated 2025-07-16
Aum Shinrikyo Updated 2025-07-16
Australia Updated 2025-07-16
Authentic learning Updated 2025-07-16
Author Updated 2025-07-16
Autothrophs and heterothrophs Updated 2025-07-16
Average length of a Snakes and Ladders game Updated 2025-07-16
Since Snakes and Ladders is nothing but a Absorbing Markov chain, the results are exactly the same as for that general problem.
www.jstor.org/stable/3619261: How Long Is a Game of Snakes and Ladders? by Althoen, King and Schilling (1993), paywalled.
AWS service Updated 2025-07-16
Axiom Updated 2025-07-16
B2 Oxford physics course Updated 2025-07-16
www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/people/AndreiStarinets/sr_mt_2022.html (archive) contains 2022 problem sets and notes, well done Mr Andrei Starinets!
B4 Oxford physics course Updated 2025-07-16
www-pnp.physics.ox.ac.uk/~barra/teaching.shtml As of 2023, contains some good 2015 materials: web.archive.org/web/20220525094139/http://www-pnp.physics.ox.ac.uk/~barra/teaching.shtml It was called "Subatomic physics" back then.
2015 professor: Alan J. Barr.
Possible 2022 professor: Guy Wilkinson (unconfirmed): www.chch.ox.ac.uk/staff/professor-guy-wilkinson
Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain ordinals.com Updated 2025-07-16
Reference indexer web interface implementation of ordinal ruleset inscriptions.
Source code presumably at: github.com/ordinals/ord
Backpropagation Updated 2025-07-16
There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.