Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 37

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CC BY-NC-SA version Updated 2025-07-16

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CEA Updated 2025-07-16

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Figure 1.

CEA 2012 logo

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Cell Updated 2025-07-16

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Cell (journal) Updated 2025-07-16

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Centralized Updated 2025-07-16

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Century egg Updated 2025-07-16

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Figure 1.
Century eggs
. Source. One of the few Chinese things Ciro Santilli never got into!

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Cerebras Updated 2025-07-19

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For some reason they attempt to make a single chip on an entire wafer!

They didn't care about MLperf as of 2019: www.zdnet.com/article/cerebras-did-not-spend-one-minute-working-on-mlperf-says-ceo/

2023: www.eetimes.com/cerebras-sells-100-million-ai-supercomputer-plans-8-more/ Cerebras Sells $100 Million AI Supercomputer, Plans Eight More

Video 1.

Cerebras Architecture Deep Dive by Sean Lie

. Source. 2022.

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Enter through the narrow gate Updated 2025-07-16

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Gospel of Matthew 7:13:

Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it.

Ciro Santilli really likes this one, because he feels that where many people go, it is useless to go again. It is much better to explore that which few can do, but which many will need.

Water Margin also comes to mind. And also A story of floating weeds.

Also known as being hipster.

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Quora Updated 2025-07-16

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Quora is crap in many, many senses, but in part due to some bad Stack Overflow policies, it is the best crap we've got for certain (mostly useless) subjects. Until OurBigBook.com dominates the world.

The worst thing about quora is that you cannot subscribe only to certain subjects on your feed. Quora just keeps pumping shit you never subscribed to, no matter what. Ciro, for sport, unfollowed every single idiotic subject it was proposing, but it didn't work, sooner or later Quora just keeps pumping more shit back. Mind you, some of that shit is fun. But it's still shit. Though on second thought, YouTube also randomly decides to reset Ciro's humongous "don't recomend this shitty channel" choices from time to time, which is not much different...

Other terrible things, they just seem to have an incredible ability of making the website worse and more annoying over time! Truly amazing:

around 2022, quora started showing "related" answers to other questions, possibly before actualy answers to the question itself. This, together with an insane number of inline ads that look very similar to answers, makes it very hard to decide what is an actual answer or not!!! E.g.: people complaining:
- www.reddit.com/r/OutOfTheLoop/comments/uqyvfp/whats_the_deal_with_quora_answers_seemingly/
- greatqinformation.quora.com/How-to-stop-Quora-showing-me-related-answers-which-really-arent-related-at-all
This "feature" is so bad that it is even comical. Quora looks more like a spambot than a Q&A site now. Unusable!
around 2021, quora started expanding any link as a huge preview box that completely takes over the answer, and it is very hard to stop it from doing so
Quora used to show question details beyond the title by default, but stopped: www.reddit.com/r/OutOfTheLoop/comments/uqyvfp/comment/jd6go1b/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x&context=3

Quora is getting so bad that it is basically being killed by Reddit, especially after they lifted the 6-month hard thread lock...

See also: cirosantilli.com/china-dictatorship/quora for a coverage of the intense pro-CCP astroturfing present on the website.

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LMMS Updated 2025-07-16

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Very easy to use and pretty powerful MIDI creator!!!

One of the rare audio applications actually works with PulseAudio on Ubuntu 20.04 out-of-the-box, so you don't have to turn off every other audio application!!!

Has lot's of plugins built-in just working out of the box, e.g. ZynAddSubFX out-of-the-box without doing a gazillion complex setup connections.

Most plugins are just simple toys however, ZynAddSubFX is the only super powerful one. The others are more LMMS integrate however, and seem to use a more dedicated LMMS GUI style.

TODO can you do liver performance with a virtual instrument?

If you open vmpk, you can then right click on a piano track, and go MIDI, Input and it just shows up there, and it does produce sound as shown at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpeP2th08ak

TODO: what about recording the input MIDI? Yes, there is a record button on the piano roll!

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Logarithmic integral function Updated 2025-07-16

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Sample software implementations:

SymPy: python/sympy_cheat/logarithm_integral.py

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Lorentz transformation Updated 2025-07-16

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The equation that allows us to calculate stuff in special relativity!

Take two observers with identical rules and stopwatch, and aligned axes, but one is on a car moving at towards the

+ x

direction at speed

v

TODO image.

When both observe an event, if we denote:

$(t, x, y, z)$ the observation of the standing observer
$(t^{'}, x^{'}, y^{'}, z^{'})$ the observation of the ending observer on a car

It is of course arbitrary who is standing and who is moving, we will just use the term "standing" for the one without primes.

Then the coordinates of the event observed by the observer on the car are:

t^{'} x^{'} y^{'} z^{'} = γ (t - \frac{vx}{c ^{2}}) = γ (x - v t) = y = z

(1)

where:

γ = \frac{1}{1 - ( \frac{v}{c} ) ^{2}}

(2)

Note that if

\frac{v}{c}

tends towards zero, then this reduces to the usual Galilean transformations which our intuition expects:

t^{'} y^{'} z^{'} = t x^{'} = y = z = x - v t

(3)

This explains why we don't observe special relativity in our daily lives: macroscopic objects move too slowly compared to light, and

\frac{v}{c}

is almost zero.

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Lorentz transform consequence: everyone sees the same speed of light Updated 2025-07-16

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OK, so let's verify the main desired consequence of the Lorentz transformation: that everyone observes the same speed of light.

Observers will measure the speed of light by calculating how long it takes the light going towards

+ x

cross a rod of length

L = x_{2} - x_{1}

laid in the x axis at position

X 1

TODO image.

Each observer will observe two events:

$(t_{1}, x_{1}, y_{1}, z_{1})$ : the light touches the left side of the rod
$(t_{2}, x_{2}, y_{2}, z_{2})$ : the light touches the right side of the rod

Supposing that the standing observer measures the speed of light as

c

and that light hits the left side of the rod at time

T 1

, then he observes the coordinates:

t_{1} x_{1} t_{2} x_{2} = T 1 = X 1 = \frac{L}{c} = X 1 + L

(1)

Now, if we transform for the moving observer:

t_{1}^{'} x_{1}^{'} t_{2}^{'} x_{2}^{'} = γ (t_{1} - \frac{v x _{1}}{c ^{2}}) = γ (x_{1} - v t_{1}) = γ (t_{2} - \frac{v x _{2}}{c ^{2}}) = γ (x_{2} - v t_{2})

(2)

and so the moving observer measures the speed of light as:

c^{'} = \frac{x _{2}^{'} - x _{1}^{'}}{t _{2}^{'} - t _{1}^{'}} = \frac{( x _{2} - v t _{2} ) - ( x _{1} - v t _{1} )}{( t _{2} - \frac{v x _{2}}{c ^{2}} ) - ( t _{1} - \frac{v x _{1}}{c ^{2}} )} = \frac{( x _{2} - x _{1} ) - v ( t _{2} - t _{1} )}{( t _{2} - t _{1} ) - \frac{v}{c ^{2}} ( x _{2} - x _{1} )} = \frac{\frac{x _{2} - x _{1}}{t _{2} - t _{1}} - v}{1 - \frac{v}{c ^{2}} \frac{x _{2} - x _{1}}{t _{2} - t _{1}}} = \frac{c - v}{1 - \frac{v}{c ^{2}} c} = \frac{c - v}{\frac{c - v}{c}} = c

(3)

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Los Alamos National Laboratory Updated 2025-07-16

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Video 1.

Historic Manhattan Project Sites at Los Alamos by Los Alamos National Lab

. Source.

Historian Alan B. Carr:

www.youtube.com/@AlanBCarr. IMPORTANT NOTE: Although Alan B. Carr is a Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) employee, this page has absolutely no formal connection with LANL.

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lujakob/nestjs-realworld-example-app SQLite port Updated 2025-07-16

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Tried a quick port to SQLite to get rid of annoying local databases for development, but failed, at c1c2cc4e448b279ff083272df1ac50d20c3304fa

npm install sqlite3 --save-dev

and

{
  "type": "sqlite",
  "database": "db.sqlite3",
  "entities": ["src/**/**.entity{.ts,.js}"],
  "synchronize": true
}

then:

npm start

fails with:

DataTypeNotSupportedError: Data type "timestamp" in "ArticleEntity.created" is not supported by "sqlite" database.

Attempt to hack it:

--- a/src/article/article.entity.ts
+++ b/src/article/article.entity.ts
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ export class ArticleEntity {
   @Column({default: ''})
   body: string;

-  @Column({ type: 'timestamp', default: () => "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"})
+  @Column({ default: () => "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"})
   created: Date;

-  @Column({ type: 'timestamp', default: () => "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"})
+  @Column({ default: () => "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"})
   updated: Date;

and after that it seems to run.

I can signup and login, terrible error reporting as usual, make sure to use long enough usernames/passwords.

However, article creation fails with:

Unhandled Rejection (TypeError): Cannot read property 'slug' of undefined

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Luminiferous aether Updated 2025-07-16

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Can you just imagine what if luminiferous aether was one single fixed rigid body? This is apparently what Maxwell believed, Subtle is the Lord by Abraham Pais (1982) page 111 quoting his entry to Encyclopedia Britannica:

There can be no doubt that the interplanetary and interstellar spaces are not empty but are occupied by a material substance or body, which is certainly the largest, and probably the most uniform, body of which we have any knowledge.

Then it would provide a natural space coordinate for the entire universe!

Apparently Einstein was the first to completely say: let's just screw this aether thing completely then, it's getting too complicated, and we don't really need it. As Wikipedia puts it well, in very unencyclopedic tone^[ref]: Aether fell to Occam's razor.

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Machine learning Updated 2025-07-16

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The main reason Ciro Santilli never touched it is that it feels that every public data set has already been fully mined or has already had the most interesting algorithms developed for it, so you can't do much outside of big companies.

This is why Ciro started Ciro's 2D reinforcement learning games to generate synthetic data and thus reduce the cost of data.

The other reason is that it is ugly.

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Machine learning as a form of data compression Updated 2025-07-16

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Philosophically, machine learning can be seen as a form of lossy compression.

And if we make it too lossless, then we are basically overfitting.

Bibliography:

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Machine learning company Updated 2025-07-16

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This section is about companies that primarily specialize in machine learning.

The term "machine learning company" is perhaps not great as it could be argued that any of the Big tech are leaders and sometimes, especially in the case of Google, has a main product that is arguably a form of machine learning.

Most of the companies in this section likely going to be from the AI boom era.

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MacOS Updated 2025-07-16

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Nice looking and expensive operating system by Apple. Ciro Santilli believes that:

if you want to be ripped off, just use Microsoft Windows which has more software available
or if you want to attain Enlightenment, just use Linux, which is free and open source

The story of how OS X was ported to x86 from PowerPC with large initial work up to boot by a single man in the year 2000, John Kullmann, is really worth reading: www.quora.com/Apple-company/How-does-Apple-keep-secrets-so-well/answer/Kim-Scheinberg on Quora, see also:

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