Physics engine Updated 2025-07-16
There is no clear distinction between "serious simulations" and "physics engines", it's just that "physics engine" have a "for video game" connotation.
And especially, in the context of gaming, it usually means "rigid body dynamics simulation" in particular.
Keep debug notes Updated 2025-07-16
When debugging complex software, make sure to keep notes of every interesting find you make in a note file, as you extract it from the integrated development environment or debugger.
Especially if your memory sucks like Ciro's.
This is incredibly helpful in fully understanding and then solving complex bugs.
Keyhole Inc. Updated 2025-07-16
pip (package manager) Updated 2025-09-09
How many stupid bugs. How many stupid bugs do we need to face???
Place and route Updated 2025-07-16
Given a bunch of interlinked standard cell library elements from the logic synthesis step, actually decide where exactly they are going to go on 2D (stacked 2D) integrated circuit surface.
Sample output format of place and route would be GDSII.
Kinetic theory of gases Updated 2025-07-16
Theory that gases are made up of a bunch of small billiard balls that don't interact with each other.
This theory attempts to deduce/explain properties of matter such as the equation of state in terms of classical mechanics.
Kingdom (biology) Updated 2025-07-16
There's six to eight in different systems of the end of the 20th century:This mess is because people don't realize that clades are all that really matter.
KISS principle Updated 2025-07-16
Like all other principles, it is not absolute.
But it is something that you should always have on the back of your mind.
You aren't gonna need it is closely related, as generally the extra unnecessary complications are set in place to accommodate useless features that will never be needed.
Kondo effect Updated 2025-07-16
If you adda bit of impurities to certain materials, at low temperatures of a few Kelvin their resistivity actually starts increasing if you go below a certain critical temperature.
Figure 1.
Kondo effect graph for gold with added impurities
. Source.
Ruth Lawrence Updated 2025-07-16
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Lawrence
When Lawrence was five, her father gave up his job so that he could educate her at home.
At Oxford, her father continued to be actively involved in her education, accompanying her to all lectures and some tutorials. Lawrence completed her bachelor's degree in two years, instead of the normal three, and graduated in 1985 at the age of 13 with a starred first and special commendation.
www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-3713768/Haunting-lesson-today-s-TV-child-geniuses-Ruth-Lawrence-Britain-s-famous-prodigy-tracked-father-drove-heard-troubling-tale.html
he had tried it once before - with an older daughter, Sarah, one of three children he had by a previous marriage.
That experiment ended after he separated from Sarah's increasingly concerned mother, Jutta. He soon found a woman more in tune with his radical ideas in his next spouse, Sylvia Greybourne
Saint Seiya Updated 2025-07-16
This was THE craze thing in Brazil before Pokemon, it was shown from 1994 to 1997. In particular the collectible action figures! It was possibly more popular in Brazil than e.g. in the US: www.quora.com/Why-was-Saint-Seiya-so-popular-in-Brazil
The thing as quite violent, rated for 14-year olds, but no one gave a fuck, 7 yo Ciro was happily watching it. We protect children too much.
That series also had quite a religious feel to it (as obviously suggested by the series English name itself). It must also have been a great motivator to getting young kids into astronomy!
Ciro's favorite character was definitely Andromeda Shun. He was smart and thoughtful, and had the coolest most complex weapon: his chain whips. He's also a bit effeminate, with his pink clothing and a gentle way. Perhaps that is the reason for adult Ciro's mild fascination with the Andromeda Galaxy.
The English name is horrendous... the Portuguese/French name is so much better: Knights of the Zodiac! Saying this in English just reminded Ciro Santilli of the Zodiac Killer. But nevermind.
Laplace transform Updated 2025-07-16
Video 1.
The Laplace Transform: A Generalized Fourier Transform by Steve Brunton (2020)
Source. Explains how the Laplace transform works for functions that do not go to zero on infinity, which is a requirement for the Fourier transform. No applications in that video yet unfortunately.
LaTeX Updated 2025-07-16
Revolutionary for its time, and a big part of Ciro's Enlightenment.
But too insane, and did not keep up with internet age, and so Ciro wants to kill it now.
Lebesgue integral Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli sometimes wonders how much someone can gain from learning this besides the beauty of mathematics, since we can hand-wave a Lebesgue integral on almost anything that is of practical use. The beauty is good reason enough though.

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