Closed access Updated +Created
ELF Hello World Tutorial / .data section Updated +Created
.data is section 1:
00000080  01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000090  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000000a0  0d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000000b0  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
  • 80 4: sh_type = 01 00 00 00: SHT_PROGBITS: the section content is not specified by ELF, only by how the program interprets it. Normal since a .data section.
  • 80 8: sh_flags = 03 7x 00: SHF_WRITE and SHF_ALLOC: www.sco.com/developers/gabi/2003-12-17/ch4.sheader.html#sh_flags, as required from a .data section
  • 90 0: sh_addr = 8x 00: TODO: standard says:
    If the section will appear in the memory image of a process, this member gives the address at which the section's first byte should reside. Otherwise, the member contains 0.
    but I don't understand it very well yet.
  • 90 8: sh_offset = 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 = 0x200: number of bytes from the start of the program to the first byte in this section
  • a0 0: sh_size = 0d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
    If we take 0xD bytes starting at sh_offset 200, we see:
    00000200  48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f  72 6c 64 21 0a 00        |Hello world!..  |
    AHA! So our "Hello world!" string is in the data section like we told it to be on the NASM.
    Once we graduate from hd, we will look this up like:
    readelf -x .data hello_world.o
    which outputs:
    Hex dump of section '.data':
      0x00000000 48656c6c 6f20776f 726c6421 0a       Hello world!.
    NASM sets decent properties for that section because it treats .data magically: www.nasm.us/doc/nasmdoc7.html#section-7.9.2
    Also note that this was a bad section choice: a good C compiler would put the string in .rodata instead, because it is read-only and it would allow for further OS optimizations.
    • a0 8: sh_link and sh_info = 8x 0: do not apply to this section type. www.sco.com/developers/gabi/2003-12-17/ch4.sheader.html#special_sections
    • b0 0: sh_addralign = 04 = TODO: why is this alignment necessary? Is it only for sh_addr, or also for symbols inside sh_addr?
    • b0 8: sh_entsize = 00 = the section does not contain a table. If != 0, it means that the section contains a table of fixed size entries. In this file, we see from the readelf output that this is the case for the .symtab and .rela.text sections.
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Fish subclade Updated +Created
Once Ciro joked in a twenty questions-like game that humans are animals.
But counting humans a fish would have been a stroke of genius.
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Exam as a service Updated +Created
This is Ciro Santilli's name for the idea that we should not have structured degrees at university that require entry exams, only tests that anybondy could take, likely for free, and then they would just have proof that they know the stuff for e.g. teachers that care about a subject while selecting students to work with them in research.
We just need control rooms where someone can watch students for cheating. Multiple different exams can be taken in the same room of course, students just have to sign up in advance. The exams should happen regularly depending on demand. E.g. extremelly common subjects should happen every month, and highly specialized ones every 6 months or 1 year.
Questions should be always taken from an open question pool which also contains answers, thus allowing anyone to effectively study for it.
How many questions can you actually come up with about a given non research subject, right?
We then make an API available, so that students can grant access to specific results to anyone they choose, or even make the results public for anyone to see. This way the people that care about the exams can just machine learn what exams correlate with their desired performance.
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This mostly faceless German dude is awesome!
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