Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 35

There are infinitely many primes with a neighbor not further apart than 70 million. This was the first such finite bound to be proven, and therefore a major breakthrough.

This implies that for at least one value (or more) below 70 million there are infinitely many repetitions, but we don't know which e.g. we could have infinitely many:

k, k + 2

(1)

or infinitely many:

k, k + 4

(2)

or infinitely many:

k, k + 6, 999, 999

(3)

or infinitely many:

k, k + 2 a n d k, k + 4

(4)

but we don't know which of those.

The Prime k-tuple conjecture conjectures that it is all of them.

Also, if 70 million could be reduced down to 2, we would have a proof of the Twin prime conjecture, but this method would only work for (k, k + 2).

 Read the full article

Trust (law) by

Ciro Santilli 35  Updated 2025-03-28  +Created 1970-01-01

 Read the full article

Meet-in-the-middle algorithm by

Ciro Santilli 35  Updated 2025-03-28  +Created 1970-01-01

 View more

Video 1.

The algorithmic trick that solves Rubik's Cubes and breaks ciphers by polylog (2022)

Source.

 Read the full article

Avatar (franchise) by

Ciro Santilli 35  Updated 2025-03-28  +Created 1970-01-01

 Read the full article

Scientific software by

Ciro Santilli 35  Updated 2025-03-28  +Created 1970-01-01

 Read the full article

Web crawling by

Ciro Santilli 35  Updated 2025-03-28  +Created 1970-01-01

 Read the full article

Open web crawling by

Ciro Santilli 35  Updated 2025-03-28  +Created 1970-01-01

 Read the full article

Common Crawl by

Ciro Santilli 35  Updated 2025-03-28  +Created 1970-01-01

 View more

commoncrawl.org/

Amazing project, that basically makes a more searchable Wayback Machine.

A bit hard to use their data though, partly due to size, but also lack of free to use querrying mechanisms, and how obtuse Amazon S3 is to use.

Notably, aws-cli with an account is the only reliable way, everything else is way too broken, e.g. trying the to check the an index index.commoncrawl.org/CC-MAIN-2023-06/ very often 500s.

But still, their projct is amazing.

The only out-of-the-box search they seem to have is: urlsearch.commoncrawl.org/ for domains/URLs. It is good, but there could be so much more... notably IPs.

Also could should document the data shape a bit better.

Sample sizes can be found at: commoncrawl.org/2023/04/mar-apr-2023-crawl-archive-now-available/

To explore the data, after login:

aws s3 ls s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/

Copy the toplevel directory only:

aws s3 cp s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/ . --recursive --exclude "*/*"

Copy some wet/wat files:

aws s3 cp s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/wat/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.wat.gz .
aws s3 sync s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/wet/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.wet.gz .

Directory structrure:

cc-index.paths.gz (1K)
cc-index-table.paths.gz (1K)

segment.paths.gz (1.7K) Sample lines:

crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/
crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381630/

index.html (2.3K)

wat.paths.gz (98K) Sample lines:

crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/wat/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.wat.gz
crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/wat/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00001-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.wat.gz

wet.paths.gz (98K) Sample lines:

crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/wet/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.wet.gz
crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/wet/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00001-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.wet.gz

warc.paths.gz (99K)

crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00001-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz

segments: directgory with actual data

1368696381249: one of many segments, any meaning of name?

CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.wet.gz (142M, 334M unzipped)

A tiny bit of metadata, and then plaintext content from the website, e.g. the second one:

WARC/1.0
WARC-Type: conversion
WARC-Target-URI: http://004eeb5.netsolhost.com/stephensilver.htm
WARC-Date: 2013-05-18T08:11:02Z
WARC-Record-ID: <urn:uuid:773b31ba-ddc6-47a5-ae24-d08141b9944d>
WARC-Refers-To: <urn:uuid:4b1bdbff-4926-4ced-86f6-072f5bb3837a>
WARC-Block-Digest: sha1:LQFSCR2LIJQYMPTXRHWU7HAPQTVSYS3A
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 12046

Stephen Silver is a journalist and editor who specializes in the areas of politics, pop culture, film and sports. He works as an editor with the North American Publishing Co. and as a film critic with The Trend, a local newspaper in the Philadelphia area.

No IP unfortunately.

CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.wat.gz (329M, 1.4G unzipped)

A lot of JSON metadata and no contents as desired. Contains IP! Some entries however are humongous with a ton of useless data, that's what bloats these so much:

WARC/1.0
WARC-Type: metadata
WARC-Target-URI: CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
WARC-Date: 2013-11-22T14:51:12Z
WARC-Record-ID: <urn:uuid:ec54e493-8965-41be-b344-07596cc30b3a>
WARC-Refers-To: <urn:uuid:cfeff436-7c4c-4119-aaa4-ec2ce27ad3e1>
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 1180

{"Envelope":{"Format":"WARC","WARC-Header-Length":"274","Block-Digest":"sha1:JCZOI4V3UOTXGIRLFMPLW4J2WPLAKGVR","Actual-Content-Length":"372","WARC-Header-Metadata":{"WARC-Type":"warcinfo","WARC-Filename":"CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz","WARC-Date":"2013-11-22T14:51:12Z","Content-Length":"372","WARC-Record-ID":"<urn:uuid:cfeff436-7c4c-4119-aaa4-ec2ce27ad3e1>","Content-Type":"application/warc-fields"},"Payload-Metadata":{"Trailing-Slop-Length":"0","Actual-Content-Type":"application/warc-fields","Actual-Content-Length":"372","Headers-Corrupt":true,"WARC-Info-Metadata":{"robots":"classic","software":"Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0","description":"Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Spring 2013","hostname":"ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal","format":"WARC File Format 1.0","isPartOf":"CC-MAIN-2013-20","operator":"CommonCrawl Admin","publisher":"CommonCrawl"}}},"Container":{"Compressed":true,"Gzip-Metadata":{"Footer-Length":"8","Deflate-Length":"453","Header-Length":"10","Inflated-CRC":"866052549","Inflated-Length":"650"},"Offset":"0","Filename":"CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz"}}

WARC/1.0
WARC-Type: metadata
WARC-Target-URI: http://%20jwashington@ap.org/Content/Press-Release/2012/How-AP-reported-in-all-formats-from-tornado-stricken-regions
WARC-Date: 2013-05-18T05:48:54Z
WARC-Record-ID: <urn:uuid:d519658f-7a63-46c1-849b-4cd92332ddb8>
WARC-Refers-To: <urn:uuid:cefd363b-1fec-4590-8305-4c6fab2e095f>
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 1501

{"Envelope":{"Format":"WARC","WARC-Header-Length":"433","Block-Digest":"sha1:B2B6JDSGWCUQIIUGV54SXEE25RX4SANS","Actual-Content-Length":"302","WARC-Header-Metadata":{"WARC-Type":"request","WARC-Date":"2013-05-18T05:48:54Z","WARC-Warcinfo-ID":"<urn:uuid:cfeff436-7c4c-4119-aaa4-ec2ce27ad3e1>","Content-Length":"302","WARC-Record-ID":"<urn:uuid:cefd363b-1fec-4590-8305-4c6fab2e095f>","WARC-Target-URI":"http://%20jwashington@ap.org/Content/Press-Release/2012/How-AP-reported-in-all-formats-from-tornado-stricken-regions","WARC-IP-Address":"165.1.125.44","Content-Type":"application/http; msgtype=request"},"Payload-Metadata":{"Trailing-Slop-Length":"4","HTTP-Request-Metadata":{"Headers":{"Accept-Language":"en-us,en-gb,en;q=0.7,*;q=0.3","Host":"ap.org","Accept-Encoding":"x-gzip, gzip, deflate","User-Agent":"CCBot/2.0","Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8"},"Headers-Length":"300","Entity-Length":"0","Entity-Trailing-Slop-Bytes":"0","Request-Message":{"Method":"GET","Version":"HTTP/1.0","Path":"/Content/Press-Release/2012/How-AP-reported-in-all-formats-from-tornado-stricken-regions"},"Entity-Digest":"sha1:3I42H3S6NNFQ2MSVX7XZKYAYSCX5QBYJ"},"Actual-Content-Type":"application/http; msgtype=request"}},"Container":{"Compressed":true,"Gzip-Metadata":{"Footer-Length":"8","Deflate-Length":"455","Header-Length":"10","Inflated-CRC":"453539965","Inflated-Length":"739"},"Offset":"453","Filename":"CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz"}}

Let's beautify one of them to see it better:


{
  "Envelope": {
    "Format": "WARC",
    "WARC-Header-Length": "274",
    "Block-Digest": "sha1:JCZOI4V3UOTXGIRLFMPLW4J2WPLAKGVR",
    "Actual-Content-Length": "372",
    "WARC-Header-Metadata": {
      "WARC-Type": "warcinfo",
      "WARC-Filename": "CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz",
      "WARC-Date": "2013-11-22T14:51:12Z",
      "Content-Length": "372",
      "WARC-Record-ID": "<urn:uuid:cfeff436-7c4c-4119-aaa4-ec2ce27ad3e1>",
      "Content-Type": "application/warc-fields"
    },
    "Payload-Metadata": {
      "Trailing-Slop-Length": "0",
      "Actual-Content-Type": "application/warc-fields",
      "Actual-Content-Length": "372",
      "Headers-Corrupt": true,
      "WARC-Info-Metadata": {
        "robots": "classic",
        "software": "Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0",
        "description": "Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Spring 2013",
        "hostname": "ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal",
        "format": "WARC File Format 1.0",
        "isPartOf": "CC-MAIN-2013-20",
        "operator": "CommonCrawl Admin",
        "publisher": "CommonCrawl"
      }
    }
  },
  "Container": {
    "Compressed": true,
    "Gzip-Metadata": {
      "Footer-Length": "8",
      "Deflate-Length": "453",
      "Header-Length": "10",
      "Inflated-CRC": "866052549",
      "Inflated-Length": "650"
    },
    "Offset": "0",
    "Filename": "CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz"
  }
}

Fuck no IP addresses either. But other entries do have it, why not this one?

The reason these can be huge is the HTML-Metadata section which contain all outlinks! gist.github.com/Smerity/e750f0ef0ab9aa366558#file-bbc-pretty-wat-L34

CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz ()

Obtain:

aws s3 cp s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz .

 Read the full article

Common Crawl Athena by