Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 37

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

First Amazon hire, wrote and led the team that wrote v1.

He looks like an older and more experienced dude compared to Bezos at the time.

Bibliography:
. www.geekwire.com/2011/meet-shel-kaphan-amazoncom-employee-1/2/ also mentions that unlike California, there's no sales tax in the state of Washington, which is important for selling books.

a few mentions at: Video "Jeff Bezos presentation at MIT (2002)"

Video 1.

Shel Kaphan interview by Internet History Podcast (2015)

Source.

Video 2.

Amazon.com Continues to Grow by NBC 15 (2014)

Source. Features short excerpt of filmed interview with Shel.

Figure 1.
Shel Kaphan
. Source. TODO year. Presumably more or less close to publishing date of source at 2020.

 Read the full article

Harvard Project Physics by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 View more

TODO where can all videos be found??

www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/ex-libris-universum/harvard-project-physics-role-history-science mentions that they have a special focus to the history of physics, as can be seen e.g. on The World Of Enrico Fermi by Harvard Project Physics (1970).

 Read the full article

Chromebook by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 Read the full article

Google Search by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 Read the full article

Google custom silicon by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 View more

Google has put considerable effort into custom hardware to greatly optimize its stack, in a way that is quite notable compared to other tech companies.

2021 www.theregister.com/2021/03/23/google_to_build_server_socs/ Google vows to build its own server system-on-chips, hires Intel veteran. Inevitable with the end of Moore's law. Instruction set architecture unannounced however. I'll bet ARM instruction set
2021 codec acceleration for YouTube: www.tomshardware.com/uk/news/intel-replaces-xeons-with-custom-vcus

 Read the full article

Side project time by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 Read the full article

Glueball by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 Read the full article

Lattice gauge theory by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 Read the full article

Charles Simon by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 View more

Basically it looks like the dude got enough money after selling some companies, and now he's doing cooler stuff without much need of money. Not bad.

 Read the full article

Dot-com bubble by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 Read the full article

Feynman diagram solver by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 View more

physics.stackexchange.com/questions/96510/software-for-calculating-feynman-diagrams

 Read the full article

Time-energy uncertainty principle by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 View more

There is also a time-energy uncertainty principle, because those two operators are also complementary.

 Read the full article

ELF Hello World Tutorial / Executable hd by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 View more

Running:

hd hello_world.out

gives:

00000000  7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.ELF............|
00000010  02 00 3e 00 01 00 00 00  b0 00 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..>.......@.....|
00000020  40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |@...............|
00000030  00 00 00 00 40 00 38 00  02 00 40 00 06 00 03 00  |....@.8...@.....|
00000040  01 00 00 00 05 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000050  00 00 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.......@.....|
00000060  d7 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  d7 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000070  00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 06 00 00 00  |.. .............|
00000080  d8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  d8 00 60 00 00 00 00 00  |..........`.....|
00000090  d8 00 60 00 00 00 00 00  0d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..`.............|
000000a0  0d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00  |.......... .....|
000000b0  b8 01 00 00 00 bf 01 00  00 00 48 be d8 00 60 00  |..........H...`.|
000000c0  00 00 00 00 ba 0d 00 00  00 0f 05 b8 3c 00 00 00  |............<...|
000000d0  bf 00 00 00 00 0f 05 00  48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f  |........Hello wo|
000000e0  72 6c 64 21 0a 00 2e 73  79 6d 74 61 62 00 2e 73  |rld!...symtab..s|
000000f0  74 72 74 61 62 00 2e 73  68 73 74 72 74 61 62 00  |trtab..shstrtab.|
00000100  2e 74 65 78 74 00 2e 64  61 74 61 00 00 00 00 00  |.text..data.....|
00000110  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00000150  1b 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000160  b0 00 40 00 00 00 00 00  b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.............|
00000170  27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |'...............|
00000180  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000190  21 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |!...............|
000001a0  d8 00 60 00 00 00 00 00  d8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..`.............|
000001b0  0d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001c0  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001d0  11 00 00 00 03 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  e5 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001f0  27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |'...............|
00000200  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000210  01 00 00 00 02 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000220  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  90 02 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000230  08 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  05 00 00 00 07 00 00 00  |................|
00000240  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  18 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000250  09 00 00 00 03 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000260  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  98 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000270  4c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |L...............|
00000280  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000290  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000002a0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 01 00  |................|
000002b0  b0 00 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.............|
000002c0  00 00 00 00 03 00 02 00  d8 00 60 00 00 00 00 00  |..........`.....|
000002d0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 04 00 f1 ff  |................|
000002e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000002f0  11 00 00 00 00 00 02 00  d8 00 60 00 00 00 00 00  |..........`.....|
00000300  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  1d 00 00 00 00 00 f1 ff  |................|
00000310  0d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000320  00 00 00 00 04 00 f1 ff  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000330  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  2d 00 00 00 10 00 01 00  |........-.......|
00000340  b0 00 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.............|
00000350  34 00 00 00 10 00 02 00  e5 00 60 00 00 00 00 00  |4.........`.....|
00000360  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  40 00 00 00 10 00 02 00  |........@.......|
00000370  e5 00 60 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..`.............|
00000380  47 00 00 00 10 00 02 00  e8 00 60 00 00 00 00 00  |G.........`.....|
00000390  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 68 65 6c 6c 6f 5f 77  |.........hello_w|
000003a0  6f 72 6c 64 2e 61 73 6d  00 68 65 6c 6c 6f 5f 77  |orld.asm.hello_w|
000003b0  6f 72 6c 64 00 68 65 6c  6c 6f 5f 77 6f 72 6c 64  |orld.hello_world|
000003c0  5f 6c 65 6e 00 5f 73 74  61 72 74 00 5f 5f 62 73  |_len._start.__bs|
000003d0  73 5f 73 74 61 72 74 00  5f 65 64 61 74 61 00 5f  |s_start._edata._|
000003e0  65 6e 64 00                                       |end.|
000003e4

 Read the full article

ELF Hello World Tutorial / Sections by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 Read the full article

Electron rest mass by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 Read the full article

Multi-Omics Model and Analytics by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 View more

By Tagkopoulos lab at University of California, Davies.

www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13090 Multi-omics integration accurately predicts cellular state in unexplored conditions for Escherichia coli (2016)
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161027173552.htm

 Read the full article

Yet another by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 View more

The mandatory xkcd: xkcd 927: Standards.

 Read the full article

Nitrogen-vacancy center by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 Read the full article

Global Interpreter Lock by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-09-09

 View more

stackoverflow.com/questions/1294382/what-is-the-global-interpreter-lock-gil-in-cpython

 Read the full article

Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain / AtomSea & EMBII by

Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16

 View more

"AtomSea & EMBII" refers to an upload system for various media types includeing text, images, HTML pages and audio.

The official name used by its creators for the protocol is P2FK (Pay To Future Key).

The name "AtomSea & EMBII" is a reference to the online handles of its creators. That string appears to be added as padding in the protocol and is therefore visible repeatebly in the blockchain, though it is sometimes cut up a bit. The following online profiles of the creators feel authentic:

EMBII
- twitter.com/EMBII4U EMBII replies on Twitter and given his knowledge of the subject he's undoubtedly one of the creators, not to mention likely owning private keys and repeatedlyt proving so
AtomSea:
- twitter.com/TheAtomSea
- github.com/AtomSea
HugPuddle
- github.com/HugPuddle

Tried saying hi to them at: twitter.com/cirosantilli/status/1382080760774033415 and they replied: twitter.com/AllenVandever/status/1563964396656812034

The feature-set of their protocol is impressive:

various media formats:
- multipage setups: The Mahabharata bitfossil.com/0618f12af65a4e82f8e7b41f8578721dfeb109e9a73ff71aebdbc982696e3720/
  Figure 1.
  Illustration for The Mahabharata inscription
  .
- image galleries: bitfossil.org/ae8d3b46b934bedc363e11abe8c8607171994470957c286274f699a0b3a9bbd7/index.htm
- audio: Spock_Live_Long_And_Prosper.mp3 bitfossil.org/1bc87dbff1ff5831287f62ac7cf95579794e4386688479bab66174963f9a4a0c/index.htm
social fetures:
- author photo below post via signture! bitfossil.org/738ab32bf82e3e0d4d2b29e40ad194cbbef6685d0116e94371e3cef4992349c8/index.htm (testnet) See the SIGNED BY with EMBII's photo! This feature was added in January 2015^[ref]
  - selling your uploads! I.e., a Bitcoin-based NFT system.
    For example, this lists the buy and sell orders for Figure "YellowRobot.jpg": p2fk.io/GetObjectByAddress/17mdB8cVCQVhBi46bF43JpniZ4DAgE3JjH?mainnet=true&verbose=true
    The NFT system was retroactively added on top of signatures, it didn't exist at the time signatures were added. The first listing was made on December 2023^[ref]:
    my first official listing was a 10th anniversary!🥹
    "aww.png"
    etched by embii 12/25/2013
    Inscriptions without signature such as those from before signatures were added can be claimed by the first person who claims them without any cryptographic proof^[ref]:
    unsigned URN can be claimed and traded by the first who try they are basically free for all public domain
    I claimed most of my 2013-2014 objects but there are still a few left for treasure hunters my 2015 signed objects will be moved at my leisure many will never be listed
    Figure 2.
    creation.jpg
    . Source. tx 4c7d8f6e7082a30d2d2d07c47ab462ea389415f4b95559106ff5f83f2bca8c82 (March 2015) seems to have a summary of the system. It shows in particular the cross-blockchain mechanism that mad EMBII implemented.
- sending messages to other people. TODO example.
- voting. TODO example.
tooling:
- Sup!? a local GUI client
  Video 1.
  Sup!? Buying, Listing and Offers by EMBII
  . Source.
- bitfossil.org is an indexer website for the inscriptions. For example bitfossil.org/67b2facfd8160d4fa11b02829b6387d07537b57a7a24f19b029b2a5ae7b81830/ displays Figure "YellowRobot.jpg" which was inscribed at toplevel transaction tx 67b2facfd8160d4fa11b02829b6387d07537b57a7a24f19b029b2a5ae7b81830. Functionality seems a bit limited compared to the local clients however, e.g. you can't see all uploades by a given author.
- apertus.io/ TODO vs Sup? At x.com/EMBII4U/status/1929498259883536886 EMBII tries to explain it but not sure.

Basically they've created a fully descentralized Bitcoin-based social media. Their system is basically a sligly more clunky superset of Ordinal ruleset inscriptions, just way older and way less known for whatever reason.

Each P2FK inscription is done over P2FKH payloads. Each inscription a toplevel transaction which links to other transactions. All the linked transactions together make up the payload. The most common payload type is a text plus image, as is the case of Nelson-Mandela.jpg, which can be seen at bitfossil.com/78f0e6de0ce007f4dd4a09085e649d7e354f70bc7da06d697b167f353f115b8e/ where 78f0e6de0ce007f4dd4a09085e649d7e354f70bc7da06d697b167f353f115b8e is the toplevel transaction ID: www.blockchain.com/btc/tx/78f0e6de0ce007f4dd4a09085e649d7e354f70bc7da06d697b167f353f115b8e See Section "Nelson-Mandela.jpg" for a detailed reverse engineering of the format, and Section "AtomSea & EMBII data format" for a summary of it.

The system shows the messages and the images on a single page: bitfossil.org/4cbb32cd27b5b5edc12d3559bdffc1355ac2a210463d5cfaadc7ce9b06675b2b/index.htm It is basically a blockchain-based Twitter.

Somewhat related projects:

www.memorymatrix.org/

At twitter.com/EMBII4U/status/1762501350997233976 (2024) EMBII mentions that he was inspired by the Satoshi uploader.

 Read the full article

 There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.