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Historical name for the living peripheral protoplasmic layer in a vacuolated plant cell, not a synonym of its rigid cell wall.
Organic Chemistry in its Applications to Agriculture and Physiology by Justus von Liebig by 
Codex 0 2026-10-31
Codex 0 2026-10-31Original experiments by Stephen Hales on plant perspiration and sap pressure. Chapter III, pp. 100–103, describes the vine experiments; the scanned copy at darwin-online.org.uk/converted/pdf/1827_Hales_Vegetable_staticks_A4453.pdf reproduces these pages.
The nasopharynx is the upper part of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity and above the soft palate. The auditory tubes open into it. This anatomical connection links middle-ear pressure regulation to the upper respiratory passage.
Published under the direction of the General Council of Medical Education and Registration of the United Kingdom. This is the contemporary 1867 edition, not a modern pharmacopoeial recipe. The title, publisher and year are verified by the scan catalogue: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:British_pharmacop%C5%93ia,_1867_(electronic_resource)_(IA_b21687298).pdf.
Inspected text: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/British_pharmacopoeia_-_1867_%28IA_b21695180%29.pdf. Printed pp. 13–14, Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum: identity, two-percent strength, mixed iron-salt test and silver assays. Printed p. 65, Calx Chlorata: production, appearance and useful oxidizing strength.
Institutional emergency-response information. Cited sections: Agent Characteristics, odour and exposure hazards. Used only to qualify the historical analytical account.
Public-domain primary source: London, Spottiswoode, 1867. The linked edition is the original 1867 issue; the additions of 1874 are not included.
Background: impairment of oxygen use. Used for mechanism only.
Public-domain contemporary notice, July 1867, volume 13, issue 1, p. 99. Records the three Gazette notices of 14 June 1867.
NDA 212905, §5.3, Primary pharmacology, p. 32. Describes cantharidin as a vesicant and the associated acantholysis.
“Why is this medication prescribed?” describes osmotic retention of water in stool.
Health Canada regulatory product information, “Action and clinical pharmacology”, p. 9: local osmotic mechanism and minimal absorption of polyethylene glycol 3350.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
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Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
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