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Antibiotic prophylaxis is use of an antibiotic to reduce the chance of a bacterial infection in a specified setting. Prevention is a different objective from treating an established infection, and effectiveness depends on timing, organisms and exposure.
A substance used to modify biological function for a therapeutic, diagnostic or experimental purpose.
A change in biological function caused by a drug. Direct action at a target should be distinguished from a secondary physiological response.
An agent that promotes defecation. Some act predominantly within the intestinal lumen rather than through systemic drug absorption.
Clinical pharmacology studies drug action and exposure in humans. It connects pharmacokinetics, physiological effects and evidence about benefit and harm. A mechanistic prediction and a measured clinical outcome require different kinds of evidence.
Sodium valproate is the sodium salt of valproic acid, an antiseizure drug with several effects on neuronal signaling. Salt identity, active chemical species and clinical formulation are distinct levels of description; no single receptor interaction fully defines its action.
Carbamazepine is an antiseizure drug that alters neuronal excitability, notably through voltage-dependent sodium-channel effects. Its action illustrates how changing channel availability can modify repetitive firing without simply eliminating every action potential.
Selenium sulfide is a selenium-containing material used in topical preparations acting on superficial skin and associated microorganisms. Its formulation matters because a dispersed topical material is not equivalent to freely dissolved selenium compounds.
A historical medicinal preparation from foxglove containing cardiac glycosides. Its concentration and historical indications cannot be assumed to match a modern standardized medicine.
A cardiac glycoside is a glycoside with characteristic effects on the heart, including inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPase. Digoxin is an example. The chemical class and its physiological effects connect membrane transport to cardiac function.
Colchicine binds tubulin and interferes with microtubule assembly. Effects on intracellular organization and inflammatory-cell activity connect that molecular interaction to its pharmacology. The same broad cellular target also helps explain why exposure matters for toxicity.[ref]
Cod-liver oil is an oil obtained from the liver of cod and related fish, historically used as a nutritional preparation. Its fat-soluble vitamins and fatty acids are different chemical constituents. Composition and processing determine the properties of a particular preparation.
Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist used to reverse opioid effects, including suppression of breathing. Its receptor action differs from that of an opioid agonist. The time course of reversal depends on the exposures to both substances.[ref]
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b5463553-b775-47a3-8d10-31e01ca1ec72. regulatory label, §12.1
A drug intended to reduce inflammation; the indication and benefit depend on the underlying disorder.
A salicylate is a salt or derivative of salicylic acid. The term groups related substances rather than one formulation; aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid. Chemical relationship helps organize pharmacology without making every derivative identical.
A historical astringent lozenge containing tannic acid. Edition-specific formulation and the number administered must be distinguished.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact