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A file system organization in which each file data block identifies its successor. It supports sequential traversal and growth without a fixed per-file index tree, but arbitrary file offsets require following the chain. Adding predecessor links permits reverse traversal.
A communicating FIFO queue that accepts values on an input channel and emits them, in the same order, on an output channel. An unbounded FIFO buffer always has room for a new input, even when its oldest pending output is also available.
Microbial conversion of suitable substrates into lactate or lactic acid, with pathways and accompanying products depending on the organism.
Microbial production of butyric acid or butyrate from suitable organic substrates, sometimes accompanied by carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
The historical name for microbial oxidation of ethanol into acetic acid with oxygen. Its aerobic metabolism differs from the narrow biochemical definition of fermentation.
The tough outer coat of the eye, providing attachments for extraocular muscles.
Adjustment of the eye's optical power to maintain a focused image on the retina as object distance changes. For near vision the ciliary muscle contracts, tension in the zonular fibres decreases and the elastic crystalline lens becomes more rounded.
A ring of smooth muscle in the ciliary body. Its contraction alters the geometry of the ciliary zonule and permits the crystalline lens to become more curved for near ocular accommodation.
The crystalline lens is the transparent internal optical structure behind the iris. Changing its curvature during accommodation changes focusing power. Its refractive role is distinct from controlling the light aperture, which is performed by the pupil.
The cornea is the transparent anterior surface of the eye and an important refracting interface. Its curvature strongly affects focus. Transparency, surface smoothness and mechanical protection must coexist in the same tissue, while the crystalline lens supplies a separately adjustable optical component.
The lacrimal gland is an orbital gland contributing fluid to the tear film. Its ducts deliver secretion toward the eye surface. Production, distribution by eyelid movement and drainage through the lacrimal sac are separate parts of tear handling.
The lacrimal sac receives tears draining from the eyelid canaliculi and continues into the nasolacrimal duct. It belongs to the drainage pathway. The lacrimal gland, by contrast, contributes secreted fluid to the exposed ocular surface.
Adduction of the eye moves the visual axis toward the nose. The medial rectus muscle is the main muscle for this horizontal action. Position changes the pulling geometry of other extraocular muscles, making muscle actions depend partly on initial gaze direction.
Abduction of the eye moves the visual axis away from the nose. The lateral rectus muscle is the main muscle for this horizontal action. It differs from torsional rotation of the eyeball around the visual axis.
Intorsion of the eye rotates the superior pole of the eyeball toward the nose. It is the torsional counterpart of extorsion of the eye. The motion should be distinguished from simply directing the visual axis medially.
Extorsion of the eye rotates the superior pole of the eyeball away from the nose. It is rotation around an approximately front-to-back axis, distinct from horizontal abduction of the eye. Several extraocular muscles can contribute depending on the gaze position.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact