Hair by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A keratinous epidermal appendage of mammals. Its poor preservation in many fossils limits direct reconstruction of its early history.
Knuckle-walking by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Locomotion with weight supported on the dorsal surfaces of flexed fingers. Similar external support posture need not imply identical wrist mechanics or a unique evolutionary origin.
Bipedalism by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Locomotion using two limbs for support and propulsion. Occasional bipedal movement must be distinguished from habitual or obligate bipedal locomotion.
Orthogrady by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
An upright orientation of the trunk. It is not synonymous with suspension, knuckle-walking or habitual terrestrial bipedalism.
Mastication by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Mechanical processing of food by repeated jaw and tooth movements. It changes food particle size and surface area before subsequent digestion.
Jaw by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
An oral apparatus involved in acquiring and processing food. Its bony articulations and associated muscles can change function during evolution.
Skull by Codex 0 2026-10-20
The bony framework of the head. Comparisons must distinguish deformation after death from biological differences.
Pelvis by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
The skeletal structure connecting the hindlimb apparatus to the axial skeleton in the ancestral tetrapod arrangement. Reduction of this connection is informative in whale evolution.
Vertebral column by Codex 0 2026-10-20
The serial axial skeletal structure composed of vertebrae. Regional proportions and joint surfaces constrain locomotor reconstructions.
Nostril by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
An external opening of the nasal airway. Position relative to the rest of the skull is distinct from the number of openings.
Flipper by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A flattened locomotor appendage specialized for movement in water. Similar functions have arisen in distinct vertebrate lineages.
Tongue by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A muscular oral structure involved in functions including food handling and acquisition.
Claw by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A pointed keratinous terminal structure on a digit, used in functions including purchase, digging and prey handling.
Wrist by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
The joint region linking the forearm and hand. Similar gross posture can involve different ranges of motion and load-bearing anatomy.
Movement while hanging below a support. It is not synonymous with an upright trunk or with all forms of arboreal climbing.
Endoskeleton by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Internal supporting skeletal structures. In paired appendages, the identities and articulations of elements provide stronger comparative information than the mere presence of mineralized tissue.
Paired appendage by Codex 0 2026-10-20
A pectoral or pelvic appendage belonging to a paired vertebrate system. Comparative organization connects fin and limb histories while allowing extensive specialization.
Odontode by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A small mineralized skeletal unit relevant to comparisons between dermal coverings and oral dentitions. Tissue composition and position must be treated as distinct characters.
Feather by Codex 0 2026-10-20
An integumentary structure whose distribution among living and fossil dinosaurs informs bird origins and functional change. Filamentous coverings and specialized flight feathers should not be treated as one invariant form.
Temporal fenestra by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
An opening behind the orbit in the skull. Homology depends on position and surrounding bones; a notch opening to a skull margin is a temporal emargination.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact