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Changes in temperature, water vapor and radical chemistry alter methane removal. Warming can increase its hydroxyl radical reaction coefficient and the hydroxyl radical source from oxygen singlet D atom plus water, tending to reduce chemical lifetime at fixed precursor conditions. Changed emissions and competing radical sinks can modify or reverse that conditional response.
In the usual atmospheric convention, hydroxyl radical and HO2 form a rapidly interconverting hydrogen-oxide radical family. Some budgets also explicitly include H; state the counting convention. Radical production, recycling and termination differ from the abundance of the water reservoir.
Peter P. Eggleton developed a widely useful approximation for the effective radius of a Roche lobe in a binary star system. His 1983 calculation integrated the lobe's volume and represented the result with a smooth function of the stellar mass ratio.
Smoothness was a practical improvement: a previously used piecewise approximation had a discontinuous derivative, which could introduce artificial features into numerical calculations of binary evolution. The Eggleton Roche-lobe radius approximation avoids that join while closely fitting the computed volumes.[ref]
A penicillin antibiotic, also called benzylpenicillin, that acts on bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is used as a reference substrate in some beta-lactamase measurements, separating an enzyme’s activity on one substrate from activity on the entire drug family.
A cephalosporin antibiotic in the beta-lactam family. Its substituents affect interactions with bacterial targets and resistance enzymes; susceptibility to beta-lactamase hydrolysis therefore depends on the particular enzyme rather than the family name alone.
The lowest tested antimicrobial concentration preventing defined visible growth under specified conditions. It measures an organism-level response, not just the catalytic efficiency of an isolated resistance enzyme.
Reduced killing under antibiotic exposure without a corresponding increase in the concentration inhibiting growth. It differs from growth-based antibiotic resistance.
Signalling that exploits a receiver response in circumstances where that response does not provide its normally associated benefit, while benefiting the signaller. Conscious intent is not required by the evolutionary definition.
Repeatable differences in behaviour among individuals, assessed after accounting for relevant contexts and states. Repeatability does not by itself establish heritability or an adaptive function.
The stimulus level at which an individual becomes likely to perform an action. Differences in thresholds can generate task allocation when actions change the stimuli confronting other group members.
Distribution of different tasks among members of a group. Specialization, individual efficiency and collective productivity are separate quantities requiring separate measurements.
Biological study of animal behaviour, combining observation, experiments and evolutionary explanation.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact