Video 1. . Source. Quick intro. Notably missing is a clearer discussion of the applications.
This one took a while! Major developments were from the 70s! Perhaps it took the Internet revolution to make its importance clear.
This was so hot (no pun intended) and reproducible that the prize was awarded one year after discovery. Quite rare in those days already.
To Brian Josephson for the prediction of the Josephson effect.
Not only did this open the way for X-ray crystallography, it more fundamentally clarified the nature of X-rays as being electromagnetic radiation, and helped further establish the atomic theory.

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